ABSTRACT
The effect of single oral dose of 1 gm gugulipid was studied on bioavailability of single oral dose of propranolol (40 mg) and diltiazem (60 mg) in 10 and 7 normal healthy male volunteers respectively. It was a randomised within group crossover study. Blood samples were collected at hourly intervals upto 8 hrs. Gugulipid significantly reduced (P < .01) peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC 0-8 hrs) of both the drugs in normal volunteers. Such interaction in patients receiving propanolol or diltiazem with gugulipid may lead to diminished efficacy or nonresponsiveness due to significant reduction in bioavailability.
Subject(s)
Diltiazem/pharmacokinetics , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Propranolol/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Adult , Biological Availability , Commiphora , Cross-Over Studies , Humans , Male , Plant GumsABSTRACT
Pathological conditions are known to affect pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Antipyrine half-life is used as a marker of liver microsomal enzyme function. Antipyrine pharmacokinetics, therefore, was investigated in 23 thyrotoxic and 11 euthyroid goitre patients. Of these, 11 thyrotoxic and 9 euthyroid goitre patients also participated in doxycycline bioavailability studies. In thyrotoxic patients, antipyrine half-life and AUCo infinity and doxycycline Cpmax and AUCo infinity were found to be reduced as compared to those of healthy euthyroid normal subjects. Following treatment of thyrotoxicosis, the antipyrine half-life and AUCo infinity returned to normal. Doxycycline AUCo infinity returned to near normal range but Cpmax did not.
Subject(s)
Antipyrine/pharmacokinetics , Doxycycline/pharmacokinetics , Goiter/metabolism , Thyrotoxicosis/metabolism , Administration, Oral , Adult , Biological Availability , Female , Half-Life , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A prospective study was undertaken to determine prognostic markers for patients with obstructive jaundice. Along with routine liver function tests, antipyrine clearance was determined in 20 patients. Four patients died after basal investigations. Five patients underwent definitive surgery. The remaining 11 patients were subjected to percutaneous transhepatic biliary decompression. Four patients died during the drainage period, while surgery was carried out for seven patients within 1-3 weeks of drainage. Of 20 patients, only six patients survived. Basal liver function tests were comparable in survivors and nonsurvivors. Discriminant analysis of the basal data revealed that plasma bilirubin, proteins and antipyrine half-life taken together had a strong association with mortality. A mathematical equation was derived using these variables and a score was computed for each patient. It was observed that a score value greater than or equal to 0.84 indicated survival. Omission of antipyrine half-life from the data, however, resulted in prediction of false security in 55% of patients. This study highlights the importance of addition of antipyrine elimination test to the routine liver function tests for precise identification of high risk patients.
Subject(s)
Antipyrine/pharmacokinetics , Cholestasis/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Cholestasis/mortality , Cholestasis/surgery , Female , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Liver Function Tests/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The effect of the menstrual cycle on antipyrine pharmacokinetics was studied in 11 normal, healthy Indian female volunteers. Antipyrine half-life, apparent volume of distribution, clearance and AUC were calculated by standard methods. Results indicated that in females, antipyrine half-life was significantly longer on day 5 as compared with that on days 15 and 21 of the menstrual cycle. It appears that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal healthy females.
