ABSTRACT
The isolation of spirochetes from severe ovine foot disease has been reported recently by our research group. In this study we describe the preliminary classification of this spirochete based on nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis of this sequence in comparison with other previously reported 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the spirochete belonged to the treponemal phylotype Treponema vincentii which has been associated with bovine digital dermatitis and human periodontal disease. Further work is required to define the common virulence determinants of these closely related treponemes in the aetiology of these tissue destructive diseases.
Subject(s)
Foot Rot/microbiology , Phylogeny , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Treponema/genetics , Treponemal Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Primers/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/veterinary , Foot Rot/classification , Microscopy, Electron/veterinary , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Plasmids/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/classification , Treponema/chemistry , Treponema/classification , Treponema/pathogenicity , Treponemal Infections/microbiology , VirulenceSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Foot Diseases/veterinary , Foot Rot/microbiology , Hoof and Claw , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Dichelobacter nodosus/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , England/epidemiology , Foot Diseases/epidemiology , Foot Diseases/microbiology , Foot Rot/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Spirochaetaceae/isolation & purification , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
Clostridium sordellii was isolated from 37 sheep, in 29 flocks, which died suddenly between 1993 and 1995. The sheep were of all ages, but the most severe gross lesions affected lambs four to 10 weeks of age. In older weaned lambs and ewes the gross changes were less marked and more variable. Thirty sheep suffering from a variety of other conditions were examined and C sordellii was not isolated. The isolation of C sordellii has been reported only twice before from sheep in Britain, and on both occasions no detailed investigations were described. The evidence from this study indicates that C sordellii should be considered when investigating the cause of sudden death in sheep of all ages in Britain.
Subject(s)
Clostridium Infections/mortality , Clostridium Infections/veterinary , Clostridium/isolation & purification , Death, Sudden/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/mortality , Animals , Cause of Death , Clostridium/pathogenicity , Female , Male , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , United KingdomSubject(s)
Animal Welfare , Veterinary Medicine , Animals , Cattle , Dogs , Health Priorities , Organizational Policy , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin in intestinal contents of animals which have died of suspected C perfringens type A enterotoxaemia. The test can also be used for testing culture supernatants of C perfringens isolates for the presence of alpha toxin. The test was sensitive and quantitative detecting toxin down to the 25ng level. The use of the ELISA for the detection of alpha toxin in conjunction with those for epsilon toxin and beta toxin, allows the differential diagnosis of C perfringens types A, B, C and D enterotoxaemias from samples of intestinal contents and the typing of cultures of C perfringens.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Bacterial Toxins/analysis , Calcium-Binding Proteins , Clostridium perfringens/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Type C Phospholipases , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bacterial Toxins/immunology , Bacterial Toxins/metabolism , Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification , Clostridium perfringens/metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Enterotoxemia/diagnosis , Enterotoxemia/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/immunology , Horses , Intestines/chemistry , Intestines/microbiology , MiceABSTRACT
Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a Gram-negative obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium isolated from two sea mammals. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown line of descent peripherally associated to the fusobacteria and low G+C relatives. Based on the result of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic criteria, it is proposed that the bacterium should be assigned to a new genus, Cetobacterium ceti gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Cetobacterium ceti sp. nov. is NCFB 3026.
Subject(s)
Dolphins/microbiology , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/classification , Whales/microbiology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Base Composition , Base Sequence , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/genetics , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/physiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
A latex agglutination test (LAT), with a neutralisation control, has been developed for the detection of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. The LAT readily detects the toxin qualitatively in the intestinal contents of animals suspected of dying from enterotoxaemia. When the LAT was compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the LAT proved easy to perform and had a sensitivity and specificity only slightly less than the ELISA.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification , Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification , Latex Fixation Tests/veterinary , Animals , Enterotoxemia/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin in intestinal contents has been developed by a modification of the method reported for epsilon toxin. Although the test results for beta and epsilon toxins cannot be directly compared, lower levels of beta toxin were generally demonstrated in the samples examined. The use of the ELISA for beta toxin in conjunction with that for epsilon toxin allows the differential diagnosis of C perfringens type B, C and D enterotoxaemias in the laboratory.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/analysis , Clostridium Infections/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Intestines/analysis , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Animals , Clostridium Infections/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Predictive Value of Tests , SheepABSTRACT
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed as an alternative to neutralisation tests in mice to detect Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin in the intestinal contents of animals which have died from suspected enterotoxaemia. The test was sensitive and quantitative and gave excellent agreement with the mouse protection test.
