Brain Tumor Classification based on Improved Stacked Ensemble Deep Learning Methods.

OBJECTIVE: Brain Tumor diagnostic prediction is essential for assisting radiologists and other healthcare professionals in identifying and classifying brain tumors. For the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases, prediction and classification accuracy are crucial. The aim of this study was to improve ensemble deep learning models for classifing brain tumor and increase the performance of structure models by combining different model of deep learning to develop a model with more accurate predictions than the individual models. METHODS: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are made up of a single algorithm called CNN model, are the foundation of most current methods for classifying cancer illness images. The model CNN is combined with other models to create other methods of classification called ensemble method. However, compared to a single machine learning algorithm, ensemble machine learning models are more accurate. This study used stacked ensemble deep learning technology. The data set used in this study was obtained from Kaggle and included two categories: abnormal & normal brains. The data set was trained with three models: VGG19, Inception v3, and Resnet 10. RESULT: The 96.6% accuracy for binary classification (0,1) have been achieved by stacked ensemble deep learning model with Loss binary cross entropy, and Adam optimizer take into consideration with stacking models. CONCLUSION: The stacked ensemble deep learning model can be improved over a single framework.

Formation and Luminescent Properties of Al2O3:SiOC Nanocomposites on the Base of Alumina Nanoparticles Modified by Phenyltrimethoxysilane.

Al2O3:SiOC nanocomposites were synthesized by thermal treatment of fumed alumina nanoparticles modified by phenyltrimethoxysilane. The effect of annealing temperature in inert ambient on structure and photoluminescence of modified alumina powder was studied by IR spectroscopy as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy with ultraviolet and X-ray excitation. It is demonstrated that increase of annealing temperature results in formation of silica precipitates on the surface of alumina particles that is accompanied by development and spectral evolution of visible photoluminescence. These observations are discussed in terms of structural transformation of the surface of Al2O3 particles.

[Extreme Climatic Events in the Altai Republic According to Dendrochronological Data].

The results of dating of extreme climatic events by damage to the anatomical structure and missing tree rings of the Siberian larch in the upper forest boundary of the Altai Republic are given. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the revealed dates over seven plots (Kokcy, Chind, Ak-ha, Jelo, Tute, Tara, and Sukor) allowed us to distinguish the extreme events on interregional (1700, 1783, 1788, 1812, 1814, 1884), regional (1724, 1775, 1784, 1835, 1840, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1869, 1871, 1910, 1917, 1927, 1938, 1958, 1961), and local (1702, 1736, 1751, 1785, 1842, 1843,1874, 1885, 1886, 1919, 2007, and 2009) scales. It was shown that the events of an interregional scale correspond with the dates of major volcanic eruptions (Grimsvotn, Lakagigar, Etna, Awu, Tambora, Soufriere St. Vinsent, Mayon, and Krakatau volcanos) and extreme climatic events, crop failures, lean years, etc., registered in historical sources.

[Immunohistochemical detection of biomolecular markers for metaplastic mucosal atrophy in gastric biopsy specimens].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the validity of the signs of metaplastic atrophic gastritis to elaborate a marker principle of its detection. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred diagnostic cases morphologically diagnosed with chronic gastritis were selected for examination. The validity of the histological and immunohistochemical signs/markers reflecting a gland abnormality (hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and argyrophilic and elastic fibers) and a cell phenotype change (intestinal and pyloric metaplasia): CDX-2, Shh, villin, CD10, MUC2, and MUC5AC was estimated in gastric biopsy specimens with atrophic gastritis forms verified in accordance with international classifications. The validity of the signs/markers was assessed, by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of positive and negative results, and positive and negative likelihood ratios. RESULTS: There were 3 molecules: CDX-2 is a nuclear transcription factor associated with intestinal differentiation; CCD10 is a brush border membrane-bound mycin and MUC2 is an intestinal-type mycin, which showed a high validity like the markers of metaplastic atrophic gastritis. An algorithm that could probably evaluate atrophic gastritis was elaborated for the successive immunohistochemical identification of the above-mentioned marker. CONCLUSION: The proposed technical decision to verify atrophic gastritis by the biomarker method may be not an alternative, but complementary technique of identifying the form of atrophic gastritis.

[Endemic goiter in Moscow and Moscow region]. / Sostoianie zobnoi éndemii v Moskve i Moskovskoi oblasti.

Goiter prevalence and iodine excretion levels were assessed in schoolchildren aged 9 and 13 in the city of Moscow (n = 91) and the Moscow region, 60 km East of Moscow (n = 92). Goiter prevalence was evaluated by ultrasonography. In Moscow it was found to be 31.1% among children aged 9 and 17.5% among those aged 13. The respective values in the Moscow region were 47.2 and 39.3%. Medium urinary iodine levels were 6.9 to 7.5 micrograms/dl in Moscow and 4.1 to 5.4 micrograms/dl in the region. According to modern criteria, iodine deficiency in Moscow may be regarded as mild and in the region as moderate. Control programs are urgently needed tc prevent development of iodine deficiency disorders.

[Potential for the clinical use of intranasal rifathyroin for diagnosis and treatment]. / O vozmozhnosti klinicheskogo ispol'zovaniia intranazal'nogo vvedeniia rifatiroina dlia diagnostiki i lecheniia.

It has been shown that stimulated TSH and prolactin levels in intranasal administration of rifathyroin are comparable with the results of i.v. administration of the drug. Intranasal administration can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

[Functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system in euthyroid hyperplasia of the thyroid gland]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-tireoidnoi sistemy pri éutireoidnoi giperplazii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system was investigated in 51 patients with euthyroid hyperplasia. Basal and TRH-stimulated levels of TSH and STH were investigated. Hyperergic ejection of STH and two pathological types of STH reaction (suggesting dysfunction of the hypothalamohypophyseal-thyroid system in euthyroid hyperplasia) were revealed. A group of patients with a low level of STH in response to TRH-stimulation demonstrated more pronounced changes of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system, characterized by a rise of a TSH level in response to stimulation up to 27.59 +/- 3.7 microU and a slightly reduced level of thyroid hormones. Changes in the level of STH indicated certain interest of growth hormone in the genesis of thyroid hyperplasia and could also serve an additional sign in the evaluation of a severity of disorders of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system.

[The efficacy of replacement therapy with L-thyroxine in manifest and latent forms of hypothyroidism]. / Effektivnost' zamestitel'noi terapii L-tiroksinom pri iavnykh i skrytykh formakh gipotireoza.

Individual sensitivity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system was studied in 12 patients with various degrees of euthyroid hyperplasia in the first 2 days of thyroxine therapy and during prolonged therapy. The effectiveness of thyroxine substitution therapy was compared with that of therapy with thyroid drugs in 55 patients with hypothyroidism. Euthyroid hyperplasia of III degree was accompanied by a more marked decrease in the level of TSH than in II degree, however during 3 mos. of therapy the size of the gland did not change. L-thyroxine administration for substitution therapy for 3-5 mos. was accompanied by a stable decrease in the level of TSH and improvement of clinical indices in hypothyroidism.

[Dynamics of the renal excretion of glycosaminoglycans as affected by thyroid therapy of hypothyroidism]. / Dinamika pochechnoi ékskretsii glikozaminoglikanov pod vliianiem tireoidnoi terapii pri gipotireoze.

The state of renal excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was investigated in 15 patients with hypothyrosis of various degree of gravity before and during thyroid therapy. A raised level of GAG excretion with urine reflecting excessive GAG tissue accumulation was revealed. A degree of elevation was unrelated to a gravity of disease and grew with a period of disease. Thyroid therapy considerably increased GAG renal excretion, particularly in patients with a longer period of disease. A GAG level in daily urine can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion in hypothyrosis and the time course of GAG can serve for assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

[Characteristics of the hydration status of patients with hypothyroidism]. / Osobennosti gidratatsionnogo statusa u bol'nykh gipotireozom.

The hydratation status of 15 patients of various age groups with hypothyrosis was studied using nuclear physical methods. Their body composition was calculated. All the examinees demonstrated considerable hyperhydratation of the extracellular water sector with prevailing liquid accumulation in the interstitial space. Some changes in the infrastructure of the hydratation status including those in the nature of interrelationships of liquid media, were noted. The dependence of the hydratation status and its infrastructure in patients with hypothyrosis on age and gravity of disease but not on its duration was revealed.

[Aldosterone content and renin activity in the plasma of hypothyroidism patients before and during treatment with thyroid preparations]. / Soderzhanie al'dosterona i aktivnost' renina v plazme bol'nykh gipotireozom do i v protsesse lecheniia tireoidnymi preparatami.

A study was made of aldosterone (A) level and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 47 patients with hypothyrosis of various degree of severity prior to and during therapy with thyroid drugs. A normal basal A level in the blood plasma was noted, in some patients it was raised or lowered. The following tendency was revealed during therapy with thyroid drugs: in patients with lowered A and PRA levels a rise of these levels was noted during treatment, in raised levels a significant drop was noted. Normal A and PRA basal levels (in most of the patients) showed in the process of treatment diverse tendencies: toward a decrease in the A level and a rise of the PRA level within normal range. The results obtained indicated independent effect of thyroid hormones on A and PRA synthesis. In case of low level of endogenous thyroid hormones as well as exposure to exogenous thyroid hormones changes in the A level were not directly controlled by PRA.