Limb Gait Score of Femur Fracture Fixated by Intramedullary Pinning in Dogs.

Animal posture, limb gait, and body weight-bearing in dogs can be evaluated by limb gait score. In this study, nine adult male dogs of local breed were used to induce a complete transverse femoral mid-shaft fracture fixed internally by intramedullary pining under general anesthesia with the aseptic technique and followed for 60 days postoperative. The data were analyzed, including five degrees that indicate the correlation among animals' posture, limbs, and body weight tolerance per day. The results demonstrated that in grade 5, the animals completely hold the affected limb during standing position 1st-3rd day postoperative. From the 4th-10th day postoperative, in grade 4, the animals supported the body weight on the affected limb in the standing position and hold it during waking. In grade 3, from 11th-21th day postoperative, the operated animals supported body weight on the affected limb in slow waking and hold it in speed waking and running. From the 22nd-28th day postoperative, in grade 2, the animals used the limb in speed walking, from the 29th-35th day postoperative. In grade1, the animals could use the limb in running from the 36th-2nd day postoperative. In grade 0, the animals used the limb normally in walking, running, and jumping until the end of experimental periods (60th day postoperative). The results indicated that limb gait scores in dogs can be used for the evaluation of the relationships among animals' posture, limb gait, and body-weight bearing per day during bone regeneration processing of femur fracture fixed by intramedullary pining.

Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Evaluation of Irradiated Xeno-Sheep Bony Implantation by Low-Level Laser Therapy of Long Bones Fractures in Rabbits.

Bone grafts/implantation is widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and mechanical prosperities of irradiated xeno-sheep bony implantation(X-SBI) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) implanted in the induced empty defect of the femoral bones in rabbits. A total of 10 adult rabbits were used to create a 1cm length of the femoral gab surgically; thereafter, the empty space was filled with X-SBI and internally fixed by intramedullary pinning with two femoral fragments. The operated rabbits were assigned to the un-irradiated control group 1 which was left without laser irradiation, and irradiated group (group 2) which was irradiated on a daily basis by a continuous diode laser, a single dose at four points at the lateral aspect of the X-SBI for 5 min at a period of 72 intervals for 14th days post-operation with a dosage of 850 nm, 148.4 J/cm2. The parameters which were used for the evaluation of results after 3rd-month post-operation were physical, chemical, and mechanical examinations. The physical examination revealed high bone density and hardness at the sites of X-SBI of the irradiated group, as compared to the un-irradiated animals. Moreover, the chemical analysis demonstrated an increment in the level of bone calcium and phosphorus elements, as well as a decrease in the level of magnesium, potassium, and sodium in the irradiated group, as compared to the un-irradiated group. The mechanical and fracture tolerance results demonstrated a gradually high resistance level of fracture tolerance of irradiated animals, as compared to un-irradiated rabbits. It can be concluded that the irradiated X-SBI by LLLT could be used strongly and successfully to fill the empty space in the femoral bone, supporting body weight better and faster than the control group, with no complications or body rejection.