ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Magnesium serves as a cofactor for various oxidation reactions in the body and helps in glucose transport across cell membrane. Deficiency of magnesium is a common electrolyte abnormality in type 2 diabetic patients and is linked to development of various diabetic complications. This study was conducted to determine the association between low serum magnesium level and type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting at Medical B ward, BBS Hospital Abbottabad. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted over a period of 6 months starting July 1, 2017. One hundred & eighty diagnosed diabetic patients aged at least 40 years, were included in the study. Their serum magnesium level was checked after withdrawing blood under strict aseptic conditions. Fasting & random blood glucose and the level of glycosylated haemoglobin were measured and age, gender, duration of illness were recorded on a proforma. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients (33.89%) had hypomagnesemia. There was no significant association between hypomagnesemia and age and sex of patients (p>0.05). However, hypomagnesemia was found to be significantly associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus among study population (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Hypomagnesemia is frequently present in patients with diabetes mellitus and it appears that its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Magnesium Deficiency , Magnesium/blood , Adult , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Magnesium Deficiency/blood , Magnesium Deficiency/epidemiology , Male , Pakistan/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Early pregnancy failure is a common complication in pregnancies. It can be managed medically as well as surgically. Lately there has been an emphasis on medical management of early pregnancy failure. Misoprostol, a Prostaglandin E1 analogue has been found to be safe and effective in treatment of early pregnancy failure. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted at the department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016. A total of 81 pregnant women with early pregnancy failure were enrolled in the study. Misoprostol was administered in a dose of 800 µg PO and repeated every 3 hours for a maximum of three doses if and when required. RESULTS: Misoprostol was effective in 60 (74.07%) patients and it resulted in complete expulsion of products of conception. The remainder needed surgical evacuation. There was a low incidence of side effects with nausea being the most common (4.94%) followed by PV bleeding (3.70%), abdominal cramps (3.70%) and diarrhoea (2.47%). CONCLUSIONS: Misoprostol is a safe and effective treatment option for the management of early pregnancy failure.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Spontaneous/drug therapy , Misoprostol/administration & dosage , Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/administration & dosage , Administration, Intravaginal , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, First , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone is widely used for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and intra-ventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in preterm babies; decreasing the neonatal mortality rate. There is no consensus on the dose of corticosteroid administered to the mother expected to have a preterm baby. This study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of two popular regimens of dexamethasone administration in decreasing incidence of RDS, necrotizing enterocolitis, IVH and neonatal mortality rate. METHODS: Randomized control trial was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st to 31st August, 2014. Sample size was set at 50. Block randomization was employed in the trial to allocate the patients into corresponding groups 'A' and 'B'. Group A was administered 6mg dexamethasone in 4 doses 12 hours apart and group B was administered 2 doses 12 hours apart. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients participated in the study with 24 patients in each group. Mean age and period gestation of participants were 28.4 years±4.3 SD and 34 weeks±1.9 SD respectively. Four patients in group A gave birth to neonate with RDS compared to two cases in group B. Group B had higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and neonatal mortalities. However, none of these differences observed were statistically significant. No case of IVH was reported in either of the groups.. CONCLUSIONS: Both the popular regimens of dexamethasone administration are equally effective in decreasing the incidence of neonatal diseases.
