[Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: Topography of breaks and agreement with lincoff's rules]. / Décollement de rétine rhegmatogène : topographie des déhiscences et conformité aux lois de Lincoff.

PURPOSE: To study the topography of retinal breaks and their agreement with Lincoff's rules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of patients with recent rhegmatogenous retinal detachments followed on the ophthalmology service of Abass Ndao Hospital from January 2006 through December 2016. Patients with no prior retinal treatment were included. RESULTS: Over 11 years, we reviewed 97 patients with 107 eyes with retinal detachments. The mean age of our patients was 51.7 years, range 23-79 years. There were 69 male patients, for a male:female ratio of 2.46. Refraction revealed that 38.1% of patients were myopes. Fourteen percent (14%) of patients had experienced trauma to the eye with the detachment. The right eye was involved in 54.6% of patients. The onset was insidious in 54.6% of cases and sudden in 23.7% of cases. All patients had decreased visual acuity, associated with a scotoma in 26.8% of cases. Visual acuity was decreased to light perception through 7/10. In 64.9% of cases, Lincoff's rules were observed. DISCUSSION: Lincoff's rules are still relevant for localization of the breaks in retinal detachments. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of a retinal detachment is an essential step, since it determines the treatment. Lincoff's rules still have a role in finding the retinal break in retinal detachments.

[A systemic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of allergic conjunctivitis]. / Démarche diagnostique et thérapeutique des conjonctivites allergiques.

The diagnosis of allergic conjunctivis begins by a meticulous questioning emphasizing the existence of ocular itching, the way of evolution of the signs and allergic preceeding. The examination searchs after follicles and papillae of the conjunctiva who usually go with serous discharges, blepharitis and keratitis. So four clinical forms may be described the chronic conjunctivitis, the vernal kerato-conjunctivitis, the atopic conjunctivitis and the giganto-papillar conjunctivitis. For the treatment, all non specific signs of allergy must be eliminated, the focal infections also and allergic substance isolated. If evolution is worse, an antiallergic eye drop is given until the disappearance of all the physical signs. In the same time, steroids and anti H1 drugs must be avoided. In case of failure, the specialist in allergy will be helpful to exam the patient.

[Compliance of medical treatment in primitive glaucoma open angle]. / L'observance au traitement médical dans le glaucome primitif à angle ouvert. Résultats préliminaires.

INTRODUCTION: Compliance to medical treatment expresses the patient's perception of the disease and the treatment prescribed by the doctors. Lack of compliance endangers chronic glaucoma care, which explains the importance it has been given these last years. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the compliance of adult patients suffering from primary open angle glaucoma to discover the influential factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a survey at the ophthalmology clinic of Le Dantec Hospital from January 1997 to May 1998 among 31 adults being treated for primary open angle glaucoma. An indirect evaluation of the patients' compliance was made on the basis of a questionnaire after examination of their medical files. It was deemed good, average, or bad depending on: regularity of the patient's visits to the doctors, regularity of the treatment, respect of the doctor's prescription and the prescribed times for taking the medicine. The Chi square independence test was used to study the influence of the following factors: age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status, duration of symptom progression, level of instruction, counseling, and treatment. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 60.5 years. Compliance was deemed good for 29% of the total cases, average for 32.3%, and bad for 38.7%. Only factors such as the regular visits to the doctor, the regularity of the treatment, and respect of the doctor's prescription and the prescribed times for taking the medicine were found to be influential (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The medical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma, whether temporary or permanent, with a maximum of efficacy and a minimum of side-effects requires good compliance on the part of the patient. This compliance in turn requires a good doctor-patient relationship based on effective repeated counseling to educate patients, help them understand the disease, and act on the influential factors.

[Vitreo-retinal complications of hemoglobinopathy SC]. / Complications vitréo-rétiniennes de l'hémoglobinopathie SC.

Sickle hemoglobinopathies are frequent in black population. Double heterozygous SC gives less general symptoms but ocular complications are very common. Fluorescein angiography of 20 cases are reported. All the patients had hemoglobin electrophoresis showing double heterozygous SC. Clinical investigations included fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. Laser treatment or cryotherapy were realised regarding lesions features. Vascular retinal complications were found in 75% of cases, including vitreous hemorrhage (10% of cases). There was no correlation between fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. Fluorescein angiography is useful for early diagnosis and allows preventive laser treatment.

[Idiopathic serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment (a case report)]. / Le décollement séreux idiopathique de l'épithélium pigmentaire de la retine (a propos d'un cas).

Retinal pigmented epithelium detachment is frequently associated to age related macular degeneration or others maculopathies. More rarely no cause can be found, particularly in young patients where it constitutes an entity named "Idiopathic serous detachment of the retinal pigmentary epithelium". We report such a case. We insist on the clinical and angiographical characteristics which allows a differentiation from the idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy with which it can be confused. Last, it is important to point that for the time being no treatment can shorten the evolution.

[Trachomatous entropion trichiasis at the ophthalmologic clinic of Dantec CHU (apropos of 199 cases)]. / L'entropion-trichiasis trachomateux à la clinique ophtalmologique du CHU aristide le dantec (à propos de 199 cas).

In Senegal as well as others developing countries trachoma is a real public health problem. Entropion trichiasis is its most common and its most blinding complication. The authors made a retrospective study on 137 records of patients who underwent 199 surgical cures on a two years period. Epidemiologically, the average age is 49 years with a significative higher percentage of woman. Clinically, 51.5% of the patients had already complications, mostly on the cornea. The Trabut technique was the most used and its results was good in 82.4% cases. The authors underlined the duality of entropion trichiasis characterized by the ocular morbidity linked to the corneal damages and the simplicity of the surgical treatment which present definite advantages. Meanwhile they remind that the best treatment of the entropion trichiasis remains the prophylaxy of trachoma.

[Apropos of a case of incomplete cryptophthalmos]. / A propos d'un cas de cryptophtalmie incomplète.

A rare case of the cryptophtalmos syndrome is presented. It's an atypical form according to François' classification. There are three types of cryptophtalmos. The problems of surgical management using several operations are underlined.

[Essential atrophy of the iris apropos of 1 case]. / Atrophie essentielle de l'iris a propos d'une observation.

The authors report a case of bilateral essential iris atrophy syndrome in a twenty two years old man associated with unilateral cataract and glaucoma. They stress the rarity of the syndrome (first case in their section) and the uncommon bilateral case. The cataract unusually described in the syndrome would be directly linked to the important and durable ocular hypertension.

[Ocular hypertension after intra-capsular cataract extraction]. / Hypertonie oculaire après extraction intra-capsulaire de la cataracte.

During 20 months, 593 intracapsular cataract extractions have been studied, the authors founded 10 cases of ocular hypertension representing 1.68%. These eyes did not present any ocular pathology before and the intraocular pressure was normal before the operation. Among the 10 cases, 4 developed pupillary block. In 7 cases, the intraocular pressure was normalized within one month by local and general low pressure treatment, while 3 cases developed persistent ocular hypertension. The authors preconise to have a low pressure by premedication before surgery and to survey every day the intraocular pressure after intracapsular cataract extraction to prevent irreversible modifications of the optic nerve.

[Pupillary blockage after intracapsular cataract extraction in the adult apropos of 4 cases]. / Le blocage pupillaire apres extraction intra capsulaire de la cataracte chez l'adulte à propos de 4 cas.

Intra capsular extraction is the most employed surgical technics for the treatment of senile cataract in developing countries. Nevertheless complications are usual, among them the pupillary block. The authors notified in 365 intra capsular cataract extractions, executed during 8 months, 4 cases of pupillary block occurred after operation without incident. The 3 cases had favorable evolution after an average of 4 days with medical treatment. 1 case had unfavorable evolution to aphakic glaucoma in spite of medical and surgical treatment. They point out in the necessity of strict post operative supervision and early treatment.