[Associated risk factors in developing oral manifestations in patients with blood dyscrasia]. / Factori de risc asociati în aparitia manifestarilor orale la pacientii cu discrazii sanguine.

UNLABELLED: The oral and dental complications arising in cancer patients can be attributable to the malignant disease itself and to the various modalities of cancer therapy. Up to 37.2% of all patients receiving cancer chemotherapy develop acute oral complications and up to 31.1% of all patients receiving cancer radiotherapy develop acute oral manifestations. Oral complications may result in significant morbidity, impaired nutrition, treatment delays, and dose reductions which are affecting the prognosis of the primary disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We investigated 312 cases of blood dyscrasia which 296 cases had oral manifestations (86.2%). They had a mean age of 40,6 years (range from 7 to 86 years). The male to female ratio was 1.0:0.75 (178/134). Data were statistically analyzed by t test, chi-square, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and two-tailed exact Fischer, using the SPSS program, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Oral complications are frequently encountered in patients receiving anticancer therapy and these complications may result in significant morbidity, treatment delays, dose reductions, and nutritional deficiencies. The acute effects of anticancer chemotherapy upon the oral cavity include mucositis, infection, hemorrhage, xerostomia and nutritional deficiencies. Patients which undergo radiotherapy, specific in head and neck carcinomas, display a 30-60% incidence of the oral manifestations. The antineoplastic therapy will interfere with the turnover of the epithelial cells, followed by mucosal injury, later by infections, due to indirect invasion of Gram-negative bacteria and fungal species, as most of the anti-cancer drugs cause immunological changes. CONCLUSIONS: The mucosal surface that is the oral cavity may provide insight into the immune function of the patient. Differential diagnosis is important as many disorders may manifest themselves similarly in the buccal area.

[Management and prevention of oral manifestations for blood dyscrasia and viral pathology]. / Management si preventie privind manifestarile orale în discraziile sanguine si patologia cu etiologie virala.

UNLABELLED: The study outlines the dentist's attitude in dealing with two of the many serious diseases throughout the body, HIV infection and acute leukemia. Many systemic diseases have oral manifestations which may appear at the beginning of any developed pathology, thus early detection can occasionally occur at the dental clinic. Gingival lesions are the most common oral phenomenon known for leukemia and HIV infection. In this case an early detection of pathology at the dental clinic was based on an uncommon and single presenting sign of massive spontaneous gingival bleeding. The objectives are demonstrate this unusual sign of blood dyscrasia and HIV infection in oral cavity and establishing management and prevention of oral manifestations for blood dyscrasia and pathology with viral etiology. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We investigated 225 cases had pathology with viral etiology. The patients entered the study HIV/AIDS in Botosani, Suceava, Neami during 2004-2008. All patients had a detailed medical history and examination as well as a thorough oral examination, which were all done without prior knowledge of the patient's HIV serostatus. RESULTS: Oral disease is frequently associated with HIV. While nearly all oral disorders associated with HIV infection also occur in other conditions characterized by immunosuppression, no other condition is associated with as wide and significant a spectrum of oral disease as is HIV infection. Many HIV associated oral disorders occur early in HIV infection, not infrequently as the presenting sign or symptom. Thus, early detection of associated oral disease should, in many cases, result in earlier diagnosis of HIV infection. Likewise, awareness of the variety of oral disorders which can develop throughout the course of HIV infection, and coordination of health care services between physician and dentist, should improve overall health and comfort of the patient. This paper reviews the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of HIV associated oral disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Diseases with a particular viral etiology infectiousness have a special resurgence. For the dentist, their recognition has a particularly importance for the quick and accurate determination of the diagnose and for the establishing, together with the infectious disease physician, of the appropriate treatment. Working with the department of epidemiology is useful to define the preventive measures among the community.

Cyclic peptide formation catalyzed by an antibody ligase.

Cyclic hexapeptides represent a class of compounds with important, diverse biological activities. We report herein that the antibody 16G3 catalyzes the cyclization of d-Trp-Gly-Pal-Pro-Gly-Phe small middle dotp-nitrophenyl ester (8a) to give c-(d-Trp-Gly-Pal-Pro-Gly-l-Phe) (11a). The antibody does not, however, catalyze either epimerization or hydrolysis. The resulting rate enhancement of the cyclization by 16G3 (22-fold) was sufficient to form the desired product in greater than 90% yield. In absolute rate terms, the turnover of 16G3 is estimated to be 2 min(-1). The background rate of epimerization of 8a was reduced from 10 to 1% and hydrolysis from 50 to 4% in the presence of 16G3. As expected, the catalytic effects of 16G3 were blocked by the addition of an amount of the hapten equal to twice the antibody concentration. We also synthesized three diastereomers of 8a: the d-Trp(1)-d-Phe(6) (8b), l-Trp(1)-l-Phe(6) (8c), and l-Trp(1)-d-Phe(6) (8d) hexapeptides as well as d-Trp'-l-Trp(6) (12) and d-Phe'-l-Phe(6) (13). As expected, the rate enhancement by 16G3 was greatest for 8a, because the stereochemistry of Trp(1) and Phe(6) matches that of the corresponding residues on the hapten used to induce the biosynthesis of 16G3. A model of the variable domain of 16G3 was generated from the primary sequence using the antibody structural database to guide the model construction. The resulting model provided support for some previously proposed interpretations of the kinetic data, while providing valuable new insights for others.

Butadiene monoxide and deoxyguanosine alkylation products at the N7-position.

3,4-Epoxy-1-butene, an active metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, was reacted with guanosine, deoxyguanosine and calf thymus DNA. The products were isolated and positively identified using various spectroscopic techniques. Treatment of calf thymus-DNA with 3,4-epoxy-1-butene yielded two N7-guanine adducts of equal stability. Depurination by neutral hydrolysis showed that 7-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)guanine (compound I) was formed in greater quantities compared to its regioisomer 7-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)guanine (compound II); spontaneous depurination experiments showed that compound I was released in the highest proportion. The circular dichroism spectral studies with R and S 3,4-epoxy-1-butene revealed that the reaction mechanism at aqueous neutral pH media is more similar to SN2-type rather than SN1-type. The HPLC-electrochemical detection method used to carry out the DNA alkylation study provides a rapid and sensitive quantitation of N7 guanine adducts in biological fluids. This serves as a useful tool for further human biomonitoring experiments.