ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective multi-institutional study of 70 dogs diagnosed with thyroid mass and concurrent hyperthyroidism. Clinical data regarding presentation, treatment, outcome and functional thyroid status were retrieved. RESULTS: Overall median survival of dogs with functional thyroid tumours was 35.1 months and 1- and 3-year survival rates were 83 and 49%, respectively. Median survival time was 72.6 months for dogs treated with surgical excision and 15.7 months for dogs that did not receive surgery. Of the 50 dogs treated by surgery and for which thyroid status was known following treatment, 64% developed hypothyroidism after surgery. Histopathologically confirmed metastasis was identified in 3% of dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dogs with functional thyroid tumours may survive a long time after surgical excision, although post-operative hypothyroidism is common.
Subject(s)
Dog Diseases , Hypothyroidism/veterinary , Thyroid Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Dogs , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Acute compartment syndrome often requires additional surgery to achieve wound closure. Little information exists regarding the expected number of surgeries, techniques and complications after closure in paediatric patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified patients treated for acute compartment syndrome at four hospitals over a ten-year period. The cause of injury, type of dressing, number of surgeries, type of closure and complications were recorded. RESULTS: In all, 32 patients (mean 10.9 years, 1 to 17) who underwent 18 lower and 14 upper extremity fasciotomies met inclusion criteria. Definitive wound closure technique was delayed primary in 72%, split thickness skin graft in 25%, and primary in 3% of patients. Closure required a mean 2.4 surgeries (0 to 4) over a mean 7.7 days (0 to 34). Days to closure and number of surgeries required were not significantly affected by mechanism of injury, fasciotomy location or type of dressing used. A total of 23.1% of patients with upper extremity and 0% with lower extremity fasciotomies had concerns about the scar appearance. Other complications included neurapraxia (6.7%), stiffness (6.7%), swelling (3.3%), scar pain (3.3%) and weakness (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The most common complication after paediatric compartment syndrome is an unpleasant scar. Wound closure after upper or lower extremity fasciotomies in paediatric patients requires a split thickness skin graft in approximately one in four patients. However, avoiding a skin graft does not guarantee the absence of cosmetic concerns, which are more likely following upper extremity fasciotomies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
ABSTRACT
A key feature to the dimeric structure for the GrpE heat shock protein is the pair of long helices at the NH(2)-terminal end followed by a presumable extended segment of about 30 amino acids from each monomer. We have constructed a GrpE deletion mutant protein that contains only the unique tail portion (GrpE1-89) and another that is missing this region (GrpE88-197). Circular dichroism analysis shows that the GrpE1-89 mutant still contains one-third percent alpha-helical secondary structure. Using an assay that measures bound peptide to DnaK we show that the GrpE1-89 is able to lower the amount of bound peptide, whereas GrpE88-197 has no effect. Additionally, when the same peptide binding assay is carried out with the COOH-terminal domain of DnaK, the full-length GrpE and the two GrpE deletion mutants show little to no effect on peptide release. Furthermore, the GrpE88-197 mutant is able to enhance the off-rate of nucleotide from DnaK and the 1-89 mutant has no effect on the nucleotide release. Similar results of nucleotide release are observed with the NH(2)-terminal ATPase domain mutant of DnaK. The results presented show directly that there is interaction between the GrpE protein's "tail" region and the substrate COOH-terminal peptide binding domain of DnaK, although the effect is only fully manifest with an intact full-length DnaK molecule.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry , Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Base Sequence , Circular Dichroism , DNA Primers/genetics , Dimerization , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gene Expression , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry , Kinetics , Models, Molecular , Mutation , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Protein Subunits , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Sequence Deletion , Substrate SpecificityABSTRACT
A bitewing radiograph obtained from a general dentist revealed an intracoronal radiolucency within an unerupted immature permanent second molar. This rare entity was successfully treated by surgical exposure and vital pulp therapy. Apexogenesis was confirmed radiographically and a permanent restoration placed at the time of eruption. Possible etiologies for this condition are discussed and recommendations for treatment are proposed.
