ABSTRACT
We surveyed 929 shoppers in Exeter (England), Louisiana (USA) and Sydney (Australia) to determine what they knew of aphasia. Between 10% and 18% said they had heard of aphasia but only between 1.5% and 7.6% had even some basic knowledge of aphasia. We found that more females knew something about aphasia than males and that older people were more likely to have heard of it, although those with some knowledge were significantly younger. Informants had heard of aphasia mainly through their work or the media and were mainly professionals like teachers, nurses, therapists, managers and administrators, followed by a retired/student group. We found some differences in awareness levels in the different locations we sampled. Results have implications for targeting awareness raising and campaigning.
Subject(s)
Aphasia , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , England , Female , Humans , Louisiana , Male , Middle Aged , New South Wales , Sex Distribution , Social Class , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The tertiary cytotoxic alloantibody response of syngeneically pregnant, pseudopregnant and non-pregnant BALB/c mice immunised with semi-allogeneic lymphocytes from fetal and adult (CBA X BALB/c)F1 donors was investigated by the microcytotoxicity method. The pregnant and pseudopregnant animals showed a significantly lower response to fetal alloantigens compared to that towards adult alloantigens (P less than 0.001). In contrast, control non-pregnant recipients showed no diminution of response to fetal alloantigens. These observations suggest that the hormonal status of pregnancy, even in the absence of a conceptus, permits a low cytotoxicity antibody response when challenged specifically by fetal, but not when challenged by adult, F1 alloantigens.
