Transcranial electrostimulation activates reparative regeneration and the insulin-producing function of pancreatic B-cells in alloxan diabetes in rats.

Studies on rats with experimental diabetes induced by administration of alloxan showed that transcranial electrostimulation of endorphinergic brain structures stimulates the regeneration of damaged beta-cells in pancreatic islets of Langerhans. This was identified on pancreatic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. De novo formation of small islets was noted, as evidenced by their regeneration from progenitor cells. After transcranial electrostimulation, islet beta-cells stained by the Gomori method showed recovery of granularity - a sign of insulin production. Application of an immunoenzyme method demonstrated recovery of blood insulin levels, the dynamics of increases in which showed a highly significant negative correlation with a decrease in blood glucose. These data led to the conclusion that the antihyperglycemic effect of transcranial electrostimulation in experimental alloxan diabetes results from reparative regeneration of beta-cells in islets of Langerhans with recovery of their insulin-producing function.

[Transcranial electrical stimulation activates the reparative regeneration and insulin-producing function of beta-cells in alloxan-induced diabetic rats].

In alloxan-induced diabetic rats, it was demonstrated that transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain endorphinergic structures activated the reparative regeneration of the damaged beta-cells of the Langerhans pancreatic islets. This was estimated on the histological sections of pancreas with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Several small newborn islets were found to originate from pancreatic progenitor cells. After transcranial electrical stimulation of insulin granules, beta-cells (Gomori's staining) were observed as an indication of the restoration of the insulin production. Correspondingly the increase of the blood insulin level was estimated by immune-enzyme method. The dynamics of the plasma insulin increase had a significant negative correlation with decrease of the blood glucose level. The glucose-lowering action of the transcranial electrical stimulation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats seems to be based on stimulation of the regeneration of damaged beta-cells with the restoration of their insulin production.

Clinical and institutional aspects of antidote therapy in Russia.

The problem of antidote application for treatment of acute poisoning is related to epidemiology and characterization of poisoning cases, and possibilities for supplying antidotes to health care institutions. To investigate the situation in Russia we have analyzed reports by poisoning treatment centers for 1997-1999, comparison of medical aid standards for poisoning treatment in Russia with WHO recommendations. Acute poisoning pattern varies in different regions. Particularly, poisoning pattern in large cities in European Russia and the Urals is dominated by pharmaceuticals (up to 63.1%). Pesticide and insecticide poisoning cases do not exceed 1 to 2%, metal compounds and methemoglobin forming poisons (below 1% in each group). Antidotes are used in Russia in line with the recommendations adopted in international toxicological practice. The most actual are antagonists of opiates and benzodiazepines, physostigmine, atropine, pyridoxine, antagonists of beta-adrenergic blockers, activated charcoal. Such antidotes as DMPS (Unithiol), N-acetylcysteine, methylene blue, amyl nitrite (or sodium nitrite), complex formers of EDTA group are also included in the list of specific agents. The main problem is that some important antidotes are currently not produced in Russia. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is taking efforts to launch production of some previously known and also newly developed important antidotes.

[Effectiveness of alupent in disorders of the pulmonary surfactant system caused by chlorophos poisoning]. / Effektivnost' alupenta pri narusheniiakh surfaktantnoi sistemy legkikh, vyzvannykh otravleniem khlorofosom.

Acute oral chlorophos poisoning of laboratory animals was shown to result in a decrease of the pulmonary surfactant system according to the severity of intoxication. Alupent in combination with atropine and dipyroxime prevented the disturbances of the system.

[Multicomponent detoxifying system in albino rat liver]. / Issledovanie mnogokomponentnoi sistemy detoksikatsii v pecheni belykh krys.

Experiments on white rats were made to study the system of xenobiotic detoxifying. The measurements were taken of the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, of the activity of NADP X H- and NAD X H-dependent monoxygenases, of the levels of microsomal albumin, thiol groups, and of the mass index of the liver in intact animals and in those injected with phenobarbital and SKF-525A. The most informative indicators determining the detoxifying system functioning were identified by factor analysis. Correlations were also established between components of the system. It turned out that transformation of the correlations in question was the result of phenobarbital and SKF-525A injection. The authors discuss the importance of the character and degree of this transformation for evaluation of the tension of the xenobiotic detoxifying system functioning and measures aimed at ensuring its reliability under the effect of harmful environmental factors.