ABSTRACT
Morphological structure of tumor influences on the clinical course of the disease in children with germ cell tumors. Patients with ovarian dysgerminoma at the time of diagnosis are significantly older than patients with immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor. Immature teratoma and mixed germ cell tumors are significantly larger compared to other germ cell tumors. Yolk sac tumor and embryonal carcinoma are the most common cause of emergency surgical interventions and are accompanied by rupture of tumor capsule.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Endodermal Sinus Tumor/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Teratoma/diagnosisABSTRACT
The autors report original date on the combined use of videosurgery and open surgical intervention in 3 patients. One (1 yr 10 mo) had neuroblastoma in the posterior mediastinum spreading to the retroperitoneal region, another (5 yr) presented with neuroblastoma in the thoracic aperture region spreading to the neck, the third one (14 yr) suffered limphoepithelioma-like cancer of the thymus. The combined treatment permits to optimize the surgical procedure and avoid additional use of thoraco- and laparotomy.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/surgery , Neuroblastoma/surgery , Thoracic Neoplasms/surgery , Thymus Neoplasms/surgery , Video-Assisted Surgery/methods , Adolescent , Carcinoma/pathology , Child, Preschool , Head and Neck Neoplasms/secondary , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Infant , Male , Neuroblastoma/pathology , Thoracic Neoplasms/pathology , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Thymus Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
To improve life quality and to increase survival in children with solid tumors, emphasis is placed on chemotherapeutical treatments along with other existing ones (surgery, radiation). By taking into account the fact that most malignant tumors in children are highly responsive to chemotherapy, programme treatment in children with neoplasms included the new drugs iphosphamide, vepeside, cisplatin, carboplatin, melfalan, bleomycin. The results of therapy with these drugs alone or in combination with well-known effective anthracycline antibiotics and plant preparations are presented. Whether more rigid modified schemes for administration and increment of dosage can be used is shown. This investigation opens new vistas for treating patients with not only localized, but disseminated forms of tumors, such as nephroblastomas, germinogenic tumors, soft tissue tumors, tumors of the bone, head, and neck. Regular assessment of the existing programmes in order to amend them, the use of new drugs, the increase of dosage and administration regimens enhance promises in treating malignant tumors in children.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Child , Humans , Quality of Life , Survival RateABSTRACT
The paper covers the problems of diagnosis of germinogenic ovarian tumors in girls, which make up as high as 80% of all malignant ovarian tumors. For timely diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account clinical data, the levels of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotropin) and ultrasound findings. This all is rather sufficient to verify the diagnosis of ovarian tumor lesions. Other additional studies are aimed at establishing where the process extends.
Subject(s)
Germinoma/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adolescent , Angiography , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Child , Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood , Colonoscopy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Germinoma/blood , Humans , Ovarian Neoplasms/blood , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Urography , alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently occurring type of malignant solid tumors in children. The tumor site, aggressive growth, proneness to recurrence, metastatic spreading, and high neglect predetermine the negligible share of the surgical method in multimodality treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas. Of importance are the development and the use of different types and schemes of drug therapy which can be employed in combination with radiotherapy. Drug therapy of rhabdomyosarcomas has large practical potentialities which rise from year to year.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Rhabdomyosarcoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Rhabdomyosarcoma/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Issues in diagnosis and complex treatment of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma were studied in 198 patients with morphologically verified disease. Tumors most often developed in the genitourinary organs (36.6%), head and neck (37%) and--less frequently--on the trunk and extremities (26.4%). The diagnostic workup included instrumental methods, ultrasonography and computed tomography. All modern modalities of cancer treatment, viz. surgery, drug and radiotherapy were used in those patients. As a rule, treatment was either combined or complex. Two-year-survival rate ranged from 83% for rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit to 50% for those of the trunk and extremities and 47% for head and neck neoplasms. Two-year survival for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of non-genitourinary sites was 54%.