[Diseases associated with viruses of the California encephalitis serogroup, in Russia]. / Zabolevaniia v Rossii, assotsiirovannye s virusami serogruppy Kaliforniiskogo éntsefalita.

Studies of 1986-1995 revealed diseases etiologically connected with California serogroup viruses (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus) all over the country. Highly endemic zones are the tundra, taiga, and leafy forest. The disease occurs mainly in summer, the patients are mostly young: under 30 years of age. Analysis of 183 cases confirmed by laboratory findings enabled us to distinguish the following forms: influenza-like (70.9%) with the predominant involvement of the bronchopulmonary system (bronchitis and pneumonia) and neuroinfection (20.2%) (serous meningitis and meningoencephalitis).

[Circulation of viruses of the California serocomplex (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus) in the central and southern parts of the Russian plain]. / Tsirkuliatsiia virusov serokompleksa kaliforniia (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus) v tsentral'noi i iuzhnoi chastiakh Russkoi ravniny.

Seventy strains of California group viruses were isolated in the Central and Southern territories of the Russian plain situated in the Southern taiga, mixed forest, broad-leaved forest, forest-steppe, steppe, and semiarid zones. Sixty-three of these were isolated from 873,300 mosquitoes, 4 from patients, and 3 from rodents. 57.1% of strains were isolated from Aedes communis and the associated species, 28.5% from Aedes excrucians and associated species, and rarely from other mosquito species. The mosquito infection rate was the highest in the Southern taiga zone: 0.0103%, this value decreasing towards the Southern areas. Out of 70 isolated strains 42.3% were identified as the Inkoo virus, 47.2% wer ejust referred to the California group, and only 2.8% were Tahyna and snowshoe hare viruses. The findings of serological screening of the population correlate with the results of virological studies of mosquitoes. Population morbidity is mainly caused by the Inkoo virus in the Southern taiga and mixed and broad-leaved forest, by Inkoo and Tahyna viruses in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, and by Tahyna virus in semiarid zone.

[Serodiagnosis and epidemiology of a California encephalitis group of infections in the Ryazan' region]. / Serodiagnostika i épøidemiologiia infektsii gruppy Kaliforniiskogo éntsefalita v Riazanskoi oblasti.

Blood sera of 221 healthy residents of 4 districts of Ryazan region were tested in the neutralization test (NT) with Tahyna and Inkoo viruses. The sum of positive responses in the region was 40.7% on an average, this indicating numerous contacts of the local population with these agents. Blood sera of 520 patients with acute seasonal (May-September) fevers and neuroinfections were tested for antibodies to Tahyna and Inkoo viruses in serologic tests (NT and MAC-ELISA-IgM-antibody capture method). Etiologic relationship of the diseases with Tahyna and Inkoo viruses was detected in 51 (9.8%) cases. The patients developed two types of specific immune response, primary or secondary. The best diagnostic result was attained in testing paired sera of patients in NT and MAC-ELISA. MAC-ELISA helped etiologically diagnose the disease after a single testing of a blood serum collected in the acute period of the disease. Inkoo infection was more incident in subjects aged 21 to 40 in May and July-August. The majority of cases of Tahyna infection were diagnosed in subjects aged under 20 in June and July. The incubation period was from 3 to 7 days, the morbidity was sporadic.

[Significance of viruses of antigen complex of California encephalitis in pathology]. / Znachenie virusov antigennogo kompleksa kaliforniiskogo éntsefalita v patologii.

A study was undertaken to examine 320 patients with seasonal fevers occurred in June to September. These included fever of unknown etiology, acute respiratory virus diseases, pneumonias, bronchitis, enterovirus diseases, and serous meningitis. Serological tests revealed that in 20 (6.3%) of them the viruses of the complex in California encephalitis (Tyagin's virus or antigenically related virus) contributed to the etiology of the disease. Major clinical symptoms of the disease were defined in this group of patients. The disease appeared as neuroinfections (serous meningitis), influenza-like conditions (fever, symptoms of intoxication), occasionally, infiltrative changes in the lung. Thus, the viruses of the antigen complex of California encephalitis makes an etiological contribution to infectious abnormalities.

[The prognostic value of an early bicycle ergometry test and the management of patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarct]. / Prognostichna stoinost na ranniia veloergometrichen test i povedenie pri bolni ot neuslozhnen ostur miokarden infarkt.

In 75 men with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction early symptom-limited submaximum bicycle ergometric test was performed 24-48 hours before discharge from hospital. 32 patients (42.7%) showed a positive test (ST-depression greater than 0.1 mV with duration of greater than or equal to 0.08 s and/or angina pectoris). The prognosis assessed by the number of cases with unstable angina pectoris, recurrent myocardial infarction or sudden death in the patients with positive test is significantly worse (p less than 0.0001). The patients with positive early bicycle ergometric test are indicated for direct examination and are potential candidates for aortocoronary bypass or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. An algorithm for attitude toward patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction is presented.

[Functional criteria for the differentiation of leukemic cells. II. The fungicidal activity of the blast cells from patients with acute monoblastic leukemia]. / Funktsionalni kriterii za diferentsiatsiiata na levkozni kletki. II. Fungitsidna aktivnost na blastni kletki ot bolni s ostra monoblastna lekoza.

The studies in the present work are a continuation of the previous studies of the author's on the functional activity of leukosis cells and discuss their fungicidal activity versus Candida albicans. Blast cells from 22 patients with various clinical-morphological forms of acute leukosis were studied. It has been concluded from the results obtained that leukosis cells of monoblast type in acute myelomonoblast (M4) and monoblast (M5) leukosis are able to lyse Candida albicans, the value of their fungicidal activity being lower than that of mature monocytes from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. The fungicidal activity is observed in leukosis cells from patients with promyelocyte (M3) leukosis. The authors propose the fungicidal activity of leukosis cells to be used as an additional, functional criterium in the differentiation of their type.

[Functional criteria for differentiating blast cells in acute leukemia]. / Funktsionalni kriterii za diferentsiatsiiata na blastnite kletki pri ostra levkoza.

Eighty nine patients were examined that had various clinical-morphological forms of acute leukosis, the phagocytic activity of leukosis cells being determined and the synthesis and secretion of lysozyme by them followed up, reflected in its serum level. Leukosis cells of monoblast type were established to have the ability to ingest staphylococci, candida and particles of latex, as well as to synthesize lysozyme, confirmed by the highly elevated enzyme quantity in the sera of the patients. Those functional manifestations are proposed to be used as additional criteria in the determination of cellular type of leukosis proliferation.

[Infectious complications in acute and chronic leukemias]. / Infektsiozni uslozhneniia pri ostra i khronichni levkozi.

Clinical and microbiological examinations of patients with acute leucosis and chronic myelo- and lympholeucosis were carried out aiming at the elucidation of incidence, localization and causative agents of the infectious diseases along with them. The infectious complications were concluded to present a serious problem in the treatment of leucosis, due to which their diagnosis is of essential importance for their early diagnosis, timely treatment and prophylaxis.

[Radiometric method of determining the phagocytic activity of macrophages in vitro]. / Radiometrichen netod za opredeliane fagotsitnata aktivnost na makrofagi in vitro.

The authors describe a radiometric method for determination of phagocytic activity of macrophages, using as an object for phaging hen erythrocytes labeled with 51Cr. The basic principle consists of quantitative determination of phaged cells by means of measuring the activity, found in the phagocytes. The method is described in details and the obtained results in normal mice and such with experimental leucosis NKLI are compared with those, checked by the classical methods for determining phagocytic activity in vivo and in vitro. On the basis of these data the authors indicate the advantage of the method, prepared by them, because it alows objective checking of phagocytosis on a large number of cells and thus increases the possibilities of obtaining significant results.