Nitrite and Nitric Oxide Interconversion at Mononuclear Copper(II): Insight into the Role of the Red Copper Site in Denitrification.

Nitrite (NO2 - ) and nitric oxide (NO) interconversion is crucial for maintaining optimum NO flux in mammalian physiology. Herein we demonstrate that [L2 CuII (nitrite)]+ moieties (in 2 a and 2 b; where, L = Me2 PzPy and Me2 PzQu) with distorted octahedral geometry undergo facile reduction to provide tetrahedral [L2 CuI ]+ (in 3 a and 3 b) and NO in the presence of biologically relevant reductants, such as 4-methoxy-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (4-MeO-2,6-DTBP, a tyrosine model) and N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH, a NAD(P)H model). Interestingly, the reaction of excess NO gas with [L2 CuII (MeCN)2 ]2+ (in 1 a) provides a putative {CuNO}10 species, which is effective in mediating the nitrosation of various nucleophiles, such as thiol and amine. Generation of the transient {CuNO}10 species in wet acetonitrile leads to NO2 - as assessed by Griess assay and 14 N/15 N-FTIR analyses. A detailed study reveals that the bidirectional NOx -reactivity, namely, nitrite reductase (NIR) and NO oxidase (NOO), at a common CuII site, is governed by the geometric-preference-driven facile CuII /CuI redox process. Of broader interest, this study not only highlights potential strategies for the design of copper-based catalysts for nitrite reduction, but also strengthens the previous postulates regarding the involvement of red copper proteins in denitrification.

Genetic counseling and screening of consanguineous couples and their offspring practice resource: Focused Revision.

There are no evidence-based guidelines to inform genetic counseling for consanguineous couples and their offspring. This focused revision builds on the expert opinions from the original publication of "Genetic Counseling and Screening of Consanguineous Couples and Their Offspring," based on a review of literature published since 2002.

A rare occurrence of geminated-taloned maxillary lateral incisor.

The talon cusp is a developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp like structure projecting from the cingulum area of the anterior teeth. Gemination is an anomaly caused by a single tooth germ that attempted to divide during its development. These developmental anomalies may cause clinical problems including esthetic impairment, pain, caries and tooth crowding. Co-occurrence of two anomalies in a teeth is rare. This paper presents an unusual case of talon cusp on geminated permanent lateral incisor. How to cite this article: Neeraja R, Kayal VG. A Rare Occurrence of Geminated-Taloned Maxillary Lateral Incisor. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(2):136-138.

Oral Health Attitudes and Behavior among a Group of Dental Students in Bangalore, India.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate self-reported oral health attitudes and behavior among a group of dental students in Bangalore, India and to compare the oral health attitudes of students of different years of dental school. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire based on a modified version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) was administered to 250 dental students. RESULTS: Significant differences (P<.05) were observed among students of different years in the degree of worrying about the color of the teeth, not having been to the dentist before and brushing each tooth carefully. Strongly significant differences (P<.001) were observed among students of different years in brushing the teeth twice daily, being satisfied with the appearance of the teeth, cleaning the teeth well without toothpaste, visiting dentist only when having a toothache, taking too much time to brush their teeth, worrying about having bad breath and using mouth rinse on a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: Among dental students, the overall knowledge of oral health was good, even though there were deficits in knowledge in a few areas. The oral health attitudes and behavior of dental students improved with increasing levels of education.

Customised Bluegrass appliance reminder therapy. Report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Thumb sucking habits make up the majority of oral habits. While thumb sucking is considered normal during the first two years of life, if it is not controlled and persists beyond the preschool period it may cause deleterious effects on dentofacial structures. Reminder therapy using Bluegrass appliance has been proven successful to intercept thumb sucking habit. CASE REPORT: We present here two cases of thumb sucking habit in 7 and 10 year old children corrected by non- punitive reminder therapy using a customised Bluegrass appliance.

Semi talon and trace talon: report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Talon cusp is a relatively rare developmental anomaly characterised by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cemento-enamel junction of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth in both the primary and permanent dentition. It is frequently seen in the permanent laterals. CASE REPORT: The paper presents two cases of talon cusp of semi talon and trace talon type.

Christ-Siemens-Touraine Syndrome with Self-mutilation Habit: An Unusual Presentation.

Ectodermal dysplasia exhibits a classic triad of hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, and hypodontia. Self- mutilation could be due to organic or functional causes. The occurrence of selfmutilation with functional cause represents a diagnostic challenge to practitioners. In most of the instances dentists are the first to recognize patient with ectodermal dysplasia as they report primarily with a complaint of missing teeth. The most common type is hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome). A thorough knowledge of this disease with multidisciplinary approach aids in successful outcome of the treatment. This is an unusual case report of Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome with selfmutilation.

The effect of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque Streptococcus mutans count in 6- to 12-year-old school children: an in vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: Treating a carious tooth in children with high caries experience by providing a restoration does not cure the disease. If the unfavorable oral environment that caused the cavity persists so will the disease and more restorations will be required in future. Treating the oral infection by reducing the number of cariogenic microorganisms and establishing a favorable oral environment to promote predominantly remineralization of tooth structure over time will stop the caries process. The present study was conducted: (1) To evaluate the efficacy of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque Streptococcus mutans when used as an adjunct to restoration. (2) To compare the anti-microbial effect of 1% povidone-iodine and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque S. mutans count. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five study participants in the age group of 6-12 years with dmft (decay component) of three or four were selected from one government school in Bangalore city. They were divided into three groups after the restorative treatment. Group-A, Group-B, and Group-C received 1% povidone-iodine mouth rinse, 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and placebo mouth rinse, respectively, twice daily for 14 days. The plaque sample was collected and S. mutans count was estimated at six phases: (1) Baseline, (2) 3 weeks after restoration, (3) First day after mouth rinse therapy, (4) 15 days after mouth rinse therapy, (5) 1 month and (6) 3 months after mouth rinse therapy RESULTS: After the restoration the percentage change in S. mutans count was 28.4%. Immediately after mouth rinse therapy there was significant reduction in S. mutans count in all the three groups. After which the count started to increase gradually and after 3 months the bacterial counts in the povidone-iodine group and placebo group were almost near the postrestorative count. CONCLUSION: Mouth rinses can be used as adjunct to restoration for short duration as temporary measure in reduction of S. mutans count and restorations provide longer effect. In case a mouth rinse has to be used, chlorhexidine can be recommended as it has shown to have better effect than Povidone-iodine and placebo.