ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and causes of anaemia among adults in Buenos Aires, Argentina. DESIGN: Community-based, cross-sectional, quantitative study, with descriptive and analytic stages. SETTING: Study conducted in La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS: Rigorous selection from randomised sampling, with 3-stage stratification: geographical area, health aspects, and social/economic status. Adults >18 years old. RESULTS AND MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Social-economic and nutritional data and blood samples were obtained from each participant. If anaemia was detected, either treatment was given until complete recovery or further studies were conducted until definitive diagnosis was reached. Weight, height, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, haematocrit, transferrin, iron and ferritin levels, daily intake of calories, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, calcium, iron, and vitamin C were measured. One thousand and thirty-six patients out of 1200 selected were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia in adults was 26.3%. Variables such as low social/economic status, nutritional questions, and frequency of doctor's consultation were associated with risk of anaemia. However, basic unsatisfied needs--a variable consisting of precarious housing and low educational level--, female sex, and living in slums were significant in the multivariate analysis (OR>2.5). CONCLUSIONS: One in 4 adults has anaemia, with iron deficiency as the major cause. Anaemia diagnosis is mainly associated with social and gender questions and the area of residence. This information, if used by the State to plan appropriate and focused preventive measures, could benefit not just adults but the entire community that depends on them.
Subject(s)
Anemia/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de anemia en población adulta y determinar los factores asociados. Diseño. Estudio poblacional de corte transversal, con etapa descriptiva y analítica. Emplazamiento. Estudio realizado en La Plata, Argentina. Participantes. Muestra aleatoria, con estratificación trietápica considerando área geográfica, aspectos sanitarios y nivel socioeconómico de adultos mayores de 18 años. Resultados y mediciones principales. Encuestas socioeconómica y nutricional, estudios hematológico y sérico. A quienes se detectó anemia, se les aseguró un tratamiento completo o estudios ulteriores hasta el diagnóstico de certeza. Se valoró: peso y talla, hemoglobina, hematíes, hematocrito, ferremia, transferrina, ferritina, ingesta diaria de calorías, hidratos de carbono, lípidos, proteínas, calcio, hierro y vitamina C. Se analizó a 1.136 pacientes de los 1.200 seleccionados. La prevalencia de anemia en adultos fue del 26,3%. Numerosas variables, como nivel socioeconómico, aspectos nutricionales o frecuencia de consulta médica, se asocian al riesgo de anemia. Sin embargo, las necesidades básicas insatisfechas --variable compuesta por vivienda precaria y bajo nivel de instrucción--, sexo femenino y residencia en suburbios mantienen la significación en el análisis multivariable (odds ratio > 2,5). Conclusiones. Una de cada 4 personas adultas presenta anemia, y la ferropenia es la causa más importante. El diagnóstico de anemia se asoció, predominantemente, a aspectos sociales, el sexo o el área geográfica de residencia. Dicha información, utilizada por el Estado para planificar las medidas preventivas, oportunas y focalizadas, podrá lograr beneficios no sólo en los adultos, sino en toda la comunidad que depende económicamente de ellos
Objective. To determine the prevalence and causes of anaemia among adults in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Design. Community-based, cross-sectional, quantitative study, with descriptive and analytic stages. Setting. Study conducted in La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants. Rigorous selection from randomised sampling, with 3-stage stratification: geographical area, health aspects, and social/economic status. Adults >18 years old. Results and main measurements. Social-economic and nutritional data and blood samples were obtained from each participant. If anaemia was detected, either treatment was given until complete recovery or further studies were conducted until definitive diagnosis was reached. Weight, height, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, haematocrit, transferrin, iron and ferritin levels, daily intake of calories, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, calcium, iron, and vitamin C were measured. One thousand and thirty-six patients out of 1200 selected were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia in adults was 26.3%. Variables such as low social/economic status, nutritional questions, and frequency of doctor's consultation were associated with risk of anaemia. However, basic unsatisfied needs--a variable consisting of precarious housing and low educational level--, female sex, and living in slums were significant in the multivariate analysis (OR>2.5). Conclusions. One in 4 adults has anaemia, with iron deficiency as the major cause. Anaemia diagnosis is mainly associated with social and gender questions and the area of residence. This information, if used by the State to plan appropriate and focused preventive measures, could benefit not just adults but the entire community that depends on them
