Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 88
Filter
3.
J Fam Pract ; 72(9): 389-393, 2023 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37976332

ABSTRACT

NO. In general, nonoral estrogen use for menopausal symptoms is associated with a lower cardiovascular (CV) risk profile than oral estrogen use (strength of recommendation [SOR], B; meta-analysis of cohort studies). Vaginal estrogen use is associated with lower risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and similar risk for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/ PE) compared with nonuse (SOR, B; cohort studies). Vaginal estrogen therapy also is associated with lower CV-related mortality for 3 to 5 years compared withnonuse (SOR, B; cohort study). No high-quality randomized trials address this topic.


Subject(s)
Coronary Disease , Myocardial Infarction , Pulmonary Embolism , Female , Humans , Cohort Studies , Estrogens/adverse effects , Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Risk Factors
6.
J Fam Pract ; 71(8): 372-373, 2022 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36508556

ABSTRACT

It depends. A diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) made using screening spirometry in patients without symptoms does not change the course of the disease or alter smoking rates (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, preponderance of evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). However, once a patient develops symptoms of lung disease, a delayed diagnosis is associated with poorer outcomes (SOR: B, cohort studies). Active case finding (including the use of spirometry) is recommended for patients with risk factors for COPD who present with consistent symptoms (SOR: C, expert opinion).


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Spirometry , Smoking/adverse effects , Early Diagnosis
7.
J Fam Pract ; 71(9): E3-E5, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36538776

ABSTRACT

Fairly accurate. Photometric transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) testing may overestimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates with darker skin tones by a mean of 0.68 to > 2 mg/dL (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, diagnostic cohort studies with differing reference standards).Overall, TcB meters retain accept able accuracy in infants of all skin tones across a range of bilirubin levels, despite being more likely to underestimate lighter skin tones and overestimate darker ones (SOR: C, diagnostic cohort studies with differing reference standards). It is unclear if the higher readings prompt an increase in blood draws or otherwise alter care.


Subject(s)
Jaundice, Neonatal , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Jaundice, Neonatal/diagnosis , Skin Pigmentation , Bilirubin , Neonatal Screening , Cohort Studies , Skin
8.
J Fam Pract ; 71(3): E15-E16, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35561240

ABSTRACT

YES. Long-term sodium bicarbonate therapy slightly slows the loss of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may moderately reduce progression to end-stage renal disease (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analyses of lower-quality randomized controlled trails [RCTs]). Therapy duration of 1 year or less may not be beneficial (SOR: C, secondary analyses in meta-analyses).


Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Bicarbonates , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control , Male , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Sodium Bicarbonate/therapeutic use
10.
J Fam Pract ; 71(2): E18-E19, 2022 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35587452

ABSTRACT

Evidence-Based Answer: Yes. Compared to the use of a transcervical balloon alone, combined cervical ripening with a balloon catheter and oxytocin shortens the time to overall delivery by 3 hours and the time to vaginal delivery by 4 hours, without altering the rate of cesarean section (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, network meta-analysis). The effect is more pronounced in nulliparous patients (SOR: A, meta-analysis).When combined therapy is used, 6 hours of balloon time may result in faster delivery than 12 hours (SOR: B, single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Fixed-dose oxytocin and titrated oxytocin appear to have similar effect when combined with a cervical ripening balloon (SOR: C, underpowered RCT).


Subject(s)
Cervical Ripening , Oxytocics , Cesarean Section , Female , Humans , Labor, Induced , Oxytocics/pharmacology , Oxytocics/therapeutic use , Oxytocin/pharmacology , Oxytocin/therapeutic use , Pregnancy
11.
Am Fam Physician ; 104(3): 297-298, 2021 09 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34523886
12.
J Fam Pract ; 70(6): 304-307, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34431779

ABSTRACT

Likely yes. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by nonradiologist physicians is 98% sensitive and 99% specific, compared with imaging performed by radiologists (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies mostly involving emergency medicine physicians). European family physicians demonstrated 100% concordance with radiologist readings (SOR: C, very small subsequent diagnostic accuracy studies).


Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnosis , Clinical Competence/standards , Mass Screening/standards , Physicians, Family/standards , Point-of-Care Systems/standards , Radiologists/standards , Ultrasonography/standards , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Physicians, Family/statistics & numerical data , Point-of-Care Systems/statistics & numerical data , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Radiologists/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data , United States
13.
J Fam Pract ; 70(3): E1-E3, 2021 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34314342

ABSTRACT

MAYBE, but it's too soon to tell. There is limited evidence that ketamine by itself is effective in the very short term. Single-dose intravenous (IV) ketamine is more likely than placebo (odds ratio = 11-13) to produce improvement (> 50%) in standardized depression scores in 1 to 3 days, lasting up to a week. Twice- or thriceweekly IV ketamine improves symptom scores by 20%-25% over 2 weeks (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analysis of small, low-quality, randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and a single small RCT).Augmentation of sertraline with daily oral ketamine moderately improves symptom scores for 6 weeks in patients with moderate depression (SOR: B, small, lowquality RCTs).Augmentation of oral antidepressants (duloxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine) with intranasal esketamine spray improves response and remission rates at 4 weeks (16% for both outcomes) in patients with predominantly treatment-resistant major depression (SOR: A, meta-analysis of RCTs).Ketamine therapy is associated with confusion, emotional blunting, headache, dizziness, and blurred vision (SOR: A, metaanalyses).Nasal esketamine spray produces the adverse effects of dizziness, vertigo, and blurred vision severe enough to cause discontinuation in 4% of patients; it also can produce transient elevation of blood pressure (SOR: A, meta-analyses).


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/drug therapy , Ketamine/adverse effects , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Adult , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depression/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/prevention & control , Drug Administration Schedule , Humans , Ketamine/therapeutic use , Remission Induction , Treatment Outcome
14.
Am Fam Physician ; 103(9): 568-569, 2021 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33929172
15.
J Fam Pract ; 70(10): E1-E2, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35119994

ABSTRACT

Yes, a link has been established but not a cause-effect relationship. Shorter reported sleep duration in childhood is associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity years later (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analyses of prospective cohort trials with high heterogeneity). In toddlers, accelerometer documentation of short sleep duration is associated with elevation of body mass index (BMI) at 1-year follow-up (SOR: B, prospective cohort). Adequate sleep is recommended to help prevent excessive weight gain in children (SOR: C, expert opinion).


Subject(s)
Pediatric Obesity , Sleep Wake Disorders , Body Mass Index , Humans , Overweight/complications , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sleep , Sleep Deprivation/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology
19.
J Fam Pract ; 67(6): 386-388, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29879241

ABSTRACT

Fecal microbial transplant (fmt) is reasonably safe and effective. In patients who have had multiple Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), fecal microbial transplant (FMT) results in a 65% to 80% cure rate with one treatment and 90% to 95% cure rate with repeated treatments compared with a 25% to 27% cure rate for antibiotics (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, small open-label randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Fresh and frozen donor feces, administered by either nasogastric tube or colonoscope, produce equal results (SOR B, RCTs). FMT has an overall adverse event rate of 30%, primarily involving abdominal discomfort, but also, rarely, severe infections (0.7%) and death (0.1%) (SOR: B, systematic review not limited to RCTs).


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clostridium Infections/drug therapy , Clostridium Infections/prevention & control , Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods , Secondary Prevention/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
20.
J Fam Pract ; 66(12): E12-E14, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29202149

ABSTRACT

It's unclear whether educational initiatives alone alter vaccine refusal. Although about a third of parents cite herd immunity as motivation for vaccination, its efficacy in addressing vaccine hesitancy isn't clear. Multifaceted interventions (encompassing improved access to vaccines, immunization mandates, and patient education) may produce a ≥25% increase in vaccine uptake in groups with vaccine hesitancy and low utilization. Correcting false information about influenza vaccination improves perceptions about the vaccine, but may decrease intention to vaccinate in parents who already have strong concerns about safety. Discussions about vaccines that are more paternalistic (presumptive rather than participatory) are associated with higher vaccination rates, but lower visit satisfaction. Providers should thoroughly address patient concerns about safety and encourage vaccine use.


Subject(s)
Family Practice , Parents/psychology , Treatment Refusal , Vaccination , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Education , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...