ABSTRACT
One method for treating chronic incapacitating acromioclavicular dislocation is to resect the external extremity of the clavicle and to stabilise the stump by ligamentoplastic procedures, using the coracoclavicular ligament. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the mechanical quality of the ligamentoplastic approach. Twelve fresh cadavers, average age 80 years, were studied. The samples taken were 24 coracoclavicular ligaments, 24 coraco-acromial ligaments, 9 tendons from the palmaris longus muscle and 9 iliotibial tracts. The ligaments removed were tested in a Instron traction machine at a speed of 10 cm/mn. The mechanical properties of the coracoclavicular and coraco-acromial ligaments were studied. For comparison, those of the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle and the iliotibial tract were also studied. The results show the pre-rupture resistance of the coraco-acromial ligament to be 50% lower than that of the trapezoid and conoid parts of the coracoclavicular ligaments taken together. These results suggest the validity of ligamentoplastic treatment using the coraco-acromial ligament, but that reinforcement, using a tendon from the palmaris longus muscle or a piece of the iliotibial tract, may also be necessary, especially for subjects taking part in sports or with well-developed musculature.
Subject(s)
Acromioclavicular Joint/physiology , Joint Dislocations/surgery , Ligaments, Articular/physiology , Acromioclavicular Joint/injuries , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomechanical Phenomena , Female , Humans , Ligaments, Articular/injuries , Male , RuptureABSTRACT
With an anatomical case and a clinical case, the authors describe the pygomelus, a very rare monstruosity. Legend and reality are often mixed in the description of literature. It is difficult to classify this monstruosity either in the simple monster or in the twin monsters.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/pathology , Twins, Conjoined/pathology , Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/history , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
With an anatomical case and a clinical case, the authors describe the pygomelus, a very rare monstruosity. Legend and reality are often mixed in the description of literature. It is difficult to classify this monstruosity either in the simple monster or in the twin monsters.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/pathology , Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fetal Death , Humans , Limb Deformities, Congenital , Pregnancy , RadiographyABSTRACT
The dissection of 18 knees taken from fresh cadavers has led to a detailed description of the semimembranosus muscle (musculus semimembranosus). It is exclusively tibial with its three tendons rendering the muscle functional, whatever the position of the knee may be. There are other attachments, sometimes described are merely expansions extending to the menisco-tibial and menisco-femoral formations, from which this distal termination must be distinguished. Electromyography performed on 17 specimens confirms that this muscle serves more as a brake on outer rotation than an inner rotator muscle, especially when the hip is flexed and the knee stretched.
Subject(s)
Knee Joint/anatomy & histology , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Tendons/anatomy & histology , Action Potentials , Aged , Dissection , Electromyography , Female , Humans , Knee Joint/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Contraction , Muscles/physiology , Rotation , Tendons/physiologyABSTRACT
Thirty six cases of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta (TRA) were diagnosed during the hours following the accident responsible. Rupture was situated at the aortic isthmus in 32 cases, the ascending aortic in 2 cases, the arch of the aorta in 1 case and the descending sub-isthmic aorta in 1 case. Ten patients had no rib fractures. In 16 patients not undergoing surgery before 20th hour after the trauma, 10 died of secondary rupture. The course of a TRA is thus unpredictable and it is of fundamental importance to make the diagnosis and undertake appropriate surgical treatment immediately. The essential clinical sign is a difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower limbs (6 6%). Radiological signs suggestive of TRA are, in a plain PA chest film : widening of the mediastinum (92 %), poor visibility of the knuckle of the aorta (89 %), left haemothorax (67 %), deviation of the trachea to the right (55 %) and lowering of the left main bronchus (47 %). The slightest suspicion of a TRA should lead to aortic angiography preferably via an arterial approach (humeral or femoral), or intravenously. Surgical treatment should not be delayed.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/injuries , Aortic Rupture/diagnosis , Aortic Rupture/etiology , Aortic Rupture/pathology , Aortography , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , MaleABSTRACT
Definition and nomenclature of celosomia are based on a historical review which provides a system of classification. Morphology and organogenesis of celosomia were studied on 64 embryonic and foetal bodies. The anatomical study of 6 cases of human celosomia provided a definition of the characteristics of major celosomia, by showing the constant elements of the syndrome (particularly the parietal malformation) and the anomalies frequently found in each of the different types:--anterior (or superior) celosomia;--middle celosomia, including laparoschisis;--posterior (or inferior) celosomia, among which exstrophy of the bladder may be either one of the constant elements of the syndrome, or a limited form of the inferior celosomia;--total celosomia, of which one case was studied for this report, and of which the major forms, the schistosomia, chelinosomia and strophosomia types, seem to constitute forms of transition with other types of monstruosity. With improved knowledge of anatomy and organogenesis the possibilities of treatment have improved over the past few years, but still remain limited in the more monstrous forms of celosomia.
