ABSTRACT
Resistance training (RT) has been considered an intervention with effective stimulus on bone mineral formation and is, therefore, recommended to decrease the rate of bone morpho-functional proprieties loss with aging. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of RT protocols in promoting changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. The systematic reviews and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020170859). The searches were performed in the electronic databases using descriptors according to the PICO strategy. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the PEDro scale, and the magnitude of the results was determined by Hedges' g. Seven studies involving 370 elderlies, with the RT planned as a unique exercise mode of intervention, showed designs with four to five exercises for upper- and lower-limbs musculature, two to three sets per exercise, eight to twelve repetitions to failure at 70-90% 1 RM, 60-120 s of rest between sets, and executed three times per week for 12-52 weeks. The RT protocols were classified between good and excellent and evidenced a positive effect on the BMD at the hip (0.64%) and spine (0.62%) but not in the femoral neck (-0.22%) regardless of the intervention length. The narrow range of either positive or negative changes in the BMD after the RT intervention support, at best, a preventive effect against the increasing risk of bone frailty in an older population, which is evident beyond 12 weeks of RT practice engagement.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to analyze whether the relationship between regional and whole-body fat-free mass (FFM) and strength is related to FFM distribution and area according to limb involvement. Thirty well-trained male young adults underwent one-repetition maximum test (1RM) to assess the strength in arm curl (AC), bench press (BP), seated row (SR), leg press 45° (LP45), knee extension (KE), and leg curl (LC). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate FFM. The values for 1RM in AC, BP, and R correlated to FFM in upper limb (R2 = 0.69, 0.84 and 0.75), without an effect of appendicular mass index (API) or area. For 1RM in KE, the correlation with FFM in lower limb increased with thigh area (R2 = 0.56), whereas 1RM in LC and LP45 correlation to whole-body FFM increased with API (R2 = 0.64 and 0.49). The upper limb's FFM may be reliable for indexing the arms and upper trunk strengths, whereas the relationships between FFM and strength in lower limb improve as muscle mass and thigh area increases between subjects.
Subject(s)
Muscle Strength , Weight Lifting , Body Composition/physiology , Exercise , Humans , Lower Extremity , Male , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Weight Lifting/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introdução: A ausência de exercícios físicos gerada pela imobilização dos membros inferiores conduz a mudanças na composição corporal que geralmente estão associadas com o desequilíbrio da taxa metabólica que somados ao estado sedentário podem resultar em obesidade, diabetes mellitus e doenças cardiovasculares. Assim, a melhora do condicionamento físico pode contribuir para promoção de saúde e qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Como existe um número muito reduzido de pesquisas nesse sentido, nossa proposta foi investigar os efeitos de um programa de natação adaptada, em protocolo intervalado, para pessoas com lesão medular, tendo como objetivo verificar a melhora do seu condicionamento físico e, conseqüentemente, de algumas variáveis bioquímicas importantes para a saúde...
Introduction: The lack of physical exercises generated by immobilization of the lower limbs leads to changes in body composition that are generally associated with the imbalance of metabolic rate coupled with a sedentary status, which can result in obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the improvement of physical fitness can contribute to promoting health and quality of life for these patients. As there is a very small number of research in this direction, our purpose was to investigate the effects of an adapted swimming program in protocol interval, for people with spinal cord injury, aiming to verify the improvement of your fitness and, consequently, some biochemical variables important for health...
