Separation and quantification of 9-(alkylthio)acridines by capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography and capillary liquid chromatography.

Various thioacridine derivatives are potential chemotherapeutics against various diseases which are intensively synthesized, characterized, and investigated by many research groups. Efficient, fast, and reliable separation and quantification methods for their analysis are still to be developed. MEKC and capillary LC (CLC) were applied for the separation and quantification of five highly hydrophobic, weakly basic, and structurally similar 9-(alkylthio)acridines. Since the common anionic and cationic surfactants failed to separate the strongly hydrophobic thioacridines by MEKC, sodium cholate was used in an alkaline BGE and successfully employed for their fast separation. In CLC, the weakly basic nature of the thioacridines necessitated use of LiChrosorb RP-select B sorbent as the stationary phase, which combined with a very simple mobile phase methanol/water yielded an efficient chromatographic separation system. Both, the MEKC and CLC optimized separation methods were then applied to quantify the thioacridines within a concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-5)-1.0 x 10(-3) mol/L and the obtained experimental results were critically compared. In practical terms, the MEKC analytical method can quantify the analytes much faster but with a lower reliability while the CLC method performs slower analysis with a higher repeatability of the experimental results.

Residues of diflubenzuron on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and their efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella.

Residues of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron were quantified on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves treated with a diflubenzuron 480 g litre(-1) SC, Dimilin. To analyse the samples, an analytical procedure was developed involving a simple extraction step followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on an octadecyl-modified silica column with methanol + 0.01 M ammonium acetate mobile phase. The results showed diflubenzuron to be highly stable on horse chestnut leaves; more than 4 months (127 days) after application, 38% (on average) of the insecticide still remained on/in the leaves. The data confirmed biological observations showing diflubenzuron's long-term efficacy against the horse chestnut leafminer, Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic, which is the most important pest of the horse chestnut in Europe. The hypothesis of possible penetration of diflubenzuron into the leaf mass is explored and discussed.