[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. / Peutzuv-Jeghersuv syndrom.

The authors describe Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in three members of one family. They discuss etiology, diagnosis, course and prognosis of this disease.

Temperature Regulation of Supercooling and Gut Nucleation in Relation to Diapause of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera)

The heteropteran Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) does not survive freezing of its body fluids; there is a good correlation between values of survival at subzero temperatures and the supercooling point (SCP), i.e., the temperature at which body fluids start to freeze. The decrease of the SCP and thus the increase in cold hardiness is regulated by photoperiod and temperature. The relative importance of these factors depends on the physiological state of the insect. The SCP is about -7°C at the onset of prediapause and a decrease of about 4-5°C is associated with the development of the diapause syndrome in adults; these processes both are induced by a short-day photoperiod with temperature playing a secondary role. The induction of the diapause syndrome is a prerequisite for the subsequent decrease of the SCP by about 5-6°C during cold acclimation. An intermediate temperature of 15°C, or fluctuating outdoor temperatures and short-day photoperiods, are more suitable for the decrease of SCP than 5°C in continuous darkness. The sensitivity to photoperiod gradually disappears during the development of diapause; after the termination of diapause around the winter solstice the SCP irreversibly increases at a high temperature of 26°C even if exposed to a short-day photoperiod. The SCPs of hemolymph, gut, fat body, and gonads were compared to whole-body SCP. The gut was identified as the primary site of ice nucleation because its SCP value was very similar to the value for the whole body in both short-day and long-day insects. The SCPs of other organs, including the hemolymph, were always lower than the whole body SCP. Food was not a source of ice nucleating agents because the SCP of freshly ecdysed adults remained high after 2 weeks of starvation. In contrast, feeding was a prerequisite for the decrease of the SCP during prediapause. In postdiapause insects, the SCP increased at high temperatures in spite of the absence of food.

[Duplications of the digestive tract--experience with treatment of cystic duplication of the duodenum]. / Duplikatury trávicího ústrojí--zkusenost s lécbou cystické duplikatury duodena.

The case of successfully treated duodenal duplication at a four-month child is presented. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this rare anomaly are discussed and the basic principles in the surgical management emphasised.

[Post-traumatic splenic pseudocyst in a child and surgical treatment]. / Poúrazová pseudocysta detské sleziny a její chirurgická lécba.

The problems of posttraumatic splenic cysts in the childhood are discussed. The case of successfully treated posttraumatic splenic pseudocyst at a twelve-year-old boy is presented. Some aspects and the possible early and late sequelae are remembered.

[Mild injuries of the head in 0-3-year-old children]. / Lehké úrazy hlavy u detí ve veku od 0-3 let.

The authors discuss the problem of mild head injuries in children aged 0-3 years and based on data obtained by a retrospective examination of a group of 119 hospitalized children and data in the literature they submit recommendations as regards examination and follow-up of these children.

[Early diagnosis and therapy of jejunoileal atresia]. / Vcasná diagnostika a lécba atrézie jejunoileální.

Clinical symptoms of atresia of the small intestine with dramatic symptoms are manifested soon after delivery by severe emesis with the risk of aspiration of the intestinal contents. This malformation is manifested by an increased volume of amniotic fluid and it is possible to diagnose it from this symptom and dilated intestinal loops by ultrasound a long time before delivery. In the described case the authors confirmed the thus revealed obstacle by X-ray examination of the abdomen in a suspended position and by irrigoscopy. On operation they had to eliminate on account of atresia of several separate segments more than half the small intestine. By parenteral nutrition, antibiotics and permanent paediatric care the authors controlled all complications and after eight and a half months the operated infant could be discharged. Gradually it compensated the initial deficit of body weight. The psychomotor development was accelerated.

Inhibition of phosphatase by open-chain nucleoside analogues in insects.

(S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) adenine (DHPA), D-eritadenine and some other open-chain nucleoside analogues, which exhibit adverse biological effects in microorganisms, plants and animals, cause pronounced inhibition of intestinal phosphatases in the hemipteran insect Pyrrhocoris apterus. The rate of p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis by homogenates from intestinal epithelium and Malpighian tubules was inhibited up to 94% by 2-10 millimolar concentrations of these drugs. This effect is stronger than that of sodium fluoride, which is recognized as a common inhibitor of phosphatase. We conclude that inhibition of phosphatase activity in the digestive and excretory organs may be responsible for the previously reported massive excretion of phosphorylated derivatives of the nucleoside analogues after their oral administration to insects.