[Principles of the design of the equipment for intermittent normobaric hypoxia]. / Printsipy postroeniia apparatury dlia preryvistoi normobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The author relates the principles of the design of the equipment for intermittent normobaric hypoxia. Provides the classification of diagrams, notes advantages and short-comings of the hypoxicators of both groups (forming gas hypoxic mixtures from compressed gases and atmospheric air). Delineates areas where they can be used efficiently.

[The role of acoustic resonance in realizing the effect of high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs]. / Rol' akusticheskogo rezonansa v realizatsii éffekta vysokochastotnoi iskusstvennoi ventiliatsii legkikh.

A new explanation of improved oxygenation during high-frequency jet ventilation has been suggested. The mechanism is based on resonance oscillations generated by oscillation and injection high-frequency jet ventilation and promoting gas penetration into the alveoli, PaO2 elevation in perimembrane layer and O2 concentration gradient increase between the alveolar and convection zones. Alveolar and bronchial fluctuations facilitate their drainage and decrease pulmonary shunting. The suggested mechanism is explained, using facts known from the practical application of high frequency jet ventilation. The advantages of combined volumic-oscillation high-frequency jet ventilation over the jet one are established, except cases of lung ventilation in patients with open bronchus and in patients transmitted to spontaneous respiration after prolonged controlled lung ventilation.

[Intensification of gas exchange in high-frequency artificial ventilation]. / K voprosu ob intensifikatsii gazoobmena pri vysokochastotnoi IVL.

Jet high-frequency artificial ventilation produces oscillations of some parts of the chest wall, which in its turn transmits oscillations to the lung parenchyma. It results in the mix-up of the gas in the alveolar space, which leads to the increase in the gradient of oxygen concentration on the alveolar membranes, thus, augmenting oxygen saturation of the blood. The effect is the same when oscillation artificial ventilation is performed, owing to the provocation of the oscillations amplified by the resonance in the natural acoustic circuit, formed by the adjacent parts of the chest and lung parenchyma. Derangement of the exudative adhesion to the bronchi epithelial tissue intensifies gas exchange, when the oscillations are generated in the lungs. It facilitates the removal of the exudate and lets the air into the previously obstructed parts of the lungs. Clinical studies confirm the effect of the increase in the blood oxygenation (by average 20%) at the feeding air column by pneumatic oscillations in the range of 65 Hz, when traditional artificial ventilation is performed.

[Regional pulmonary ventilation in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Regionarnaia ventiliatsiia legkikh u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The state of regional pulmonary ventilation was studied in 41 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of various degrees of myocardial affection using pulmophonography. A total degree of ventilation irregularity in the CHD patients did not differ from that of healthy individuals. An increase in this index was noted for the right lung in all the patients. The most noticeable changes of regional pulmonary ventilation were observed in patients with macrofocal cardiosclerosis and consequent cardiac aneurysm, and were expressed in an increase in ventilation of the right lung upper zone and its decrease in the left lung upper zone and in the middle zone of both lungs.

[Indicator volume spirometers]. / Sistema strelochnykh voliumospirometrov.

Pointer volume-spirometers are shown to be of great importance in mass health screening. Considerations are given to design and operational parameters of some state-of-the-art models.

[Study of the pneumotachograph with the Pito tube]. / Issledovaniia pnevmotakhografa s trubkoi Pito.

The pneumotachograph with a velocity head flowmeter and a linearization system has been studied. Theoretical and experimental results have revealed a possibility to design a multilevel pneumotachograph with the Pito tube providing gas output measurements at a wide respiration range while the slight flow resistance and the small dead space being maintained. It also allows for undisturbed data recording. Characteristic properties of a piecewise-linear correction may be used to gain the required accuracy in the presence of a variability of the following parameters: ambient temperature, gas temperature, humidity and density, electromanometer's conversion ratio, baseline drift, spreads in dimensions of breathing tubes, etc. Delta-unit designed for in-line recording the pneumotachograph errors increases markedly an experimental capacity and may be used for calibration testing at plants.

[Analysis of a pulmophonogram for assessing local pulmonary ventilation]. / Analiz pul'mofonogrammy dlia otsenki lokal'noi ventiliatsii legkikh.

The method offered for pulmophonogram processing is based on definition of an easily measured simplest parameter, a relation between maximum and minimum values of the electrical signal being recorded. This value measured under different clinical conditions without considerable methodical errors is used for reliable and precise assessment of three parameters: relative local specific ventilation, relative local specific volume and local specific lung ventilation capacity. The proposed formulas of the local respiration parameters can be applied in both manual pulmophonogram processing with elementary computing aids, and in computer processing of pulmophonographic information.