A Case of Anorexia Nervosa with Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a fatal condition associated with extreme underweight and undernutrition. It is more common in young females, with a female-to-male ratio of 10 : 1. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is characterized by dysplasia of the cerebral cortex and is a common cause of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. However, FCD associated with AN has never been reported. We report the first case of AN in a 12-year-old male diagnosed with FCD-type 2 on head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He became concerned about lower abdominal distention and began reducing his food intake. He was admitted to our hospital after weight loss of 10 kg in a 1 year. Head MRI showed a localized high-signal area from the cortex to the white matter of the fusiform gyrus near the left hippocampus, with no associated decreased blood flow or electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities. These findings were characteristic of FCD type II. In males with AN, the search for underlying disease is particularly important. The pathophysiology of the association between AN and FCD is unclear. However, both conditions are reportedly associated with autism spectrum disorder. Further cases are needed to clarify whether FCD is associated with eating disorders.

WT1-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T cells with the capacity for antigen-specific expansion accumulate in the bone marrow in MDS.

Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is a tumor-associated antigen and immunotherapy target in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Further information is needed on the characteristics of WT1-specific CD8 + T cells to develop immunotherapeutic strategies for MDS. To clarify the frequency, distribution, and phenotype of WT1-specific CD8 + T cells, which occur innately in MDS patients, we analyzed paired peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from 39 patients with MDS or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes. The median frequency of WT1 tetramer-binding CD8 + T cells in the CD8 + T cell population was 0.11% in PB and 0.18% in BM. A further tetramer assay combined with mixed lymphocyte peptide culture (MLPC assay) was used to detect functional WT1-specific CD8 + T cells that could respond to the WT1 peptide. Functional WT1-specific CD8 + T cells were detected in BM in 61% of patients, which was significantly higher than in PB (23%, p = 0.001). The frequency of these cells estimated by the MLPC assay was tenfold higher in BM than in PB. The majority of WT1 tetramer-binding CD8 + T cells in BM had a unique phenotype with co-expression of CD39 and CXCR4. These findings will facilitate the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for MDS.

Cladribine treatment for Erdheim-Chester disease involving the central nervous system and concomitant polycythemia vera: A case report.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, is characterized by the infiltration of foamy CD68+ and CD1a- histiocytes into multiple organ systems. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement has recently been reported to be a poor prognostic factor when treating ECD with interferon alpha. We report the case of a 66-year-old Japanese patient with ECD involving the CNS who harbored the BRAF V600E mutation and also concomitantly developed polycythemia vera with the JAK2 V617F mutation. We confirmed 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (cladribine) therapy to be effective for the patient in this case.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: a retrospective single-center analysis.

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and pathological features, treatments, and prognoses in 28 patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) in Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital. Of them, 16 were males and 12 were females, and their median age was 62.5 (range, 26-88) years. The International Prognostic Index was high-intermediate/high in 68% of patients. Twelve patients were treated with CHOP/THP-COP and nine with third-generation chemotherapy regimens. At a median follow-up period of 30 (range: 1-164) months, the 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 61% and 44%, respectively. Further investigation of novel agents for treating PTCL-NOS is warranted.