[Neopterine and ige during respiratory-syncytial virus infection in infants].

The number of studies confirms the correlation between IgE and neopterine levels. One of the forms of revelation of the immune answer of T-cells is the activation of T-cell system, that in its turn results in secretion of IL-2 and INF-gamma by Th-1 subtype cells. Activation of macrophages by INF-gamma the human organism. The target of our research was the evaluation of the role of the marker of macrophage activation -- neopterine in children with recurrent wheezing developed during onset of RSV infection and possible connection with IgE level. In the study 52 children of age from 1 to 12 months having RS-virus infection were included. Two groups were determined as controls -- group of healthy children and children with wheezing of non RSV etiology. Determination of neopterine was performed by enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA). During the RS-virus induced acute respiratory infection the rate of neopterine in the blood serum was significantly decreased in the group of patients with recurrent wheezing in comparison with the I group (first episode of wheezing). At the same time the significant difference between the group with wheezing of non -- RSV etiology and the control group was not observed. Decreasing of neopterin was significant in the II and III groups. IgE levels were elevated significantly in the second group of patients with recurrent wheezing. In this group negative correlation between neopterin and IgE was found.

[Functional state of hypophysial-thyroid system of newborns with intrauterine infection].

The goal of our investigation was the study the functional state of hypophysial-thyroid hormonal axis in newborns during intrauterine infection, as well as to establish the specificity, sensitivity, prognostic and diagnostic values of thyroid hormones in the development of neonatal sepsis. On the basis of correlative analysis relationship between the clinically manifested intrauterine infection and the change in the concentration of thyroid hormones have been revealed. Particularly, decrease of the concentration of triiodothyronine (r=0,322, p<0,002) and thyroxin (r=0,298, p<0,004), as well as increase of thyrotropic hormone concentration (r=0,269, p<0,001) testify to a highly significant correlation between these changes. So, proceeding from our investigations it is possible it may be concluded:--Existence of changes in the concentrations of thyroid hormones in umbilical blood increases the risk of development of newborn sepsis.--Decrease of concentrations of T(3) and T(4) and increase of TSH concentration in umbilical blood of newborns in the high-risk group has a significant correlation with the development of sepsis in newborns.--Decrease of T(3) and T(4) concentrations in umbilical blood of newborns appears to be a high-specific and low-sensitive marker for the development of neonatal sepsis. Prognostic value of the positive result is high enough, while prognostic value of the negative result and diagnostic precision of above-mentioned tests appear to be moderate.--Increase of TSH concentration in umbilical blood is highly sensitive and low-specific marker for the development of neonatal sepsis, prognostic precision of the positive result is moderate, while of the negative result - high. Diagnostic precision of the test is average.--High concentration of thyrotropic hormone may be used as prognostic marker of neonatal sepsis outcome.

[Effectiveness of treatment of bronchoobstruction in children with acute respiratory infections using home-made spacer].

A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer is the best way to deliver bronchodilator therapy for treatment of bronchoobstructive syndrome, especially in children. In developing countries, commercially produced spacers are generally unavailable or are too costly. Hence, a home-made spacer modified from a 500 ml plastic bottle, was compared with imported spacer (AeroChamber) in 80 children with spastic bronchitis. Clinical score, PEF and oximetry were recorded at baseline and 15 min after treatment. A beta-2- agonist (Ventolin) was given via MDI and two spacers (home-made and conventional spacers). PEF and oxygen saturation were significantly increased at 15 min after administration of the ventolin in both groups. No significant difference was observed between Aerochamber and the home-made spacer. In conclusion, ventolin delivered by MDI with AeroChamber was as effective in bronchodilatation as MDI with home-made spacer. The home-made spacer therefore offers a simple, inexpensive and effective method for delivering aerosol drug.

[INF-gamma during respiratory-syncytial induced obstructive respiratory syndrome in infection in children under one year of age].

Lately the connection of Asthma and RSV drew the sufficient attention. The recurrent wheezing developed during the RSV in children is particularly frequent in the families having history of atopy. The decreased expression of INFgamma may play the role in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. The target of our research was the study of the rate of INFgamma during various clinical courses of RSV-infection and definition of its role in the pathogenesis of ARVI. 52 children with RSV-associated wheezing have been studied, who had first (32) or recurrent episode (20) of bronchial obstruction and whose families had occurrence of atopy. 52 children with non RSV-associated wheezing (III group) and 10 healthy children up to 12 months of age (IV group) were considered as the control groups. Children from all four groups were from families with the history of atopy. INFgamma was measured by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Comparison of two groups of wheezing children with RSV infection showed significant reduction of INFgamma level in the group of children with recurrent wheezing vs. the group with first episode of wheezing. INFgamma levels were significantly higher in the two control groups. During the acute respiratory infection induced by RS-virus, which proceeds with the obstruction of respiratory tract (wheezing), reduction of INFgamma was noted and higher frequency of wheezing episodes is associated with more prominent alteration.