ABSTRACT
Tularemia live vaccine (TLV), which is widely used in the CIS, did not increase the level of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in mice up to 30 days after intradermal immunization. The clastogenic action of cyclophosphamide (CP) was decreased significantly from day 10 till day 20 after immunization. We have studied the duration of sleep induced by hexenalum in immunized mice, since it is known that rodent sleep induced by barbiturates depends on cytochrome P-450 activity. We have shown that between the level of MN PCEs induced by CP in immunized mice and the duration of hexenalum induced sleep in immunized mice, a high reverse correlation was observed (r = -0.97). We propose that the anticlastogenic effect observed in our experiment is due to a reduction in the cytochrome P-450 activity induced by TLV immunization. The present and previous results suggest that TLV may be a potent anticlastogenic factor for mice and rats with prolonged action.
Subject(s)
Cyclophosphamide/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Tularemia/immunology , Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics , Animals , Barbiturates/pharmacology , Chromosomes/drug effects , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Female , Male , Mice , Micronucleus Tests , SleepABSTRACT
Thiotepa (TT) induced chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of the Armenian hamster, Cricetulus migratorius, in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal clastogenic action was observed 24 h after treatment with thiotepa. Male and female Armenian hamsters were similarly sensitive to the clastogenic action of thiotepa. The lowest effective concentration of thiotepa for Armenian hamsters was 2.5 mg/kg b.w. (6.1% of the LD50). The results obtained and analysis of the literature data have shown that Armenian hamsters are much more resistant to the clastogenic action of thiotepa than various other species of rodent. This resistance is not due to the metabolic activation rates of chemical mutagen in the liver of Armenian hamsters, since thiotepa is a direct-acting clastogen.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/drug effects , Mutagens/toxicity , Thiotepa/toxicity , Animals , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Female , Lethal Dose 50 , MaleABSTRACT
Whole-body exposure of male albino Swiss mice to the mainstream smoke produced by 10 types of cigarettes widely consumed in Armenia resulted in a significant increase (2.4-5.6-fold) of the number of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. The smoke produced by cigarettes manufactured in Armenia, Russia and Bulgaria was more clastogenic than the smoke produced by cigarettes manufactured in the USA. A high direct correlation was observed between the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and the content of tar and nicotine.
Subject(s)
Mutagens/toxicity , Nicotiana , Plants, Toxic , Smoke/adverse effects , Animals , Armenia , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Linear Models , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Micronucleus Tests , Nicotine/analysis , Nicotine/toxicity , Smoke/analysis , Tars/analysis , Tars/toxicityABSTRACT
We studied the clastogenic action of cyclophosphamide (CP) on bone marrow cells of the Armenian hamster (AH), Cricetulus migratorius. CP induced a dose-dependent linear increase in aberrant cells. The maximal cytogenetic action was observed 12 h after CP treatment. Male and female AHs were similarly sensitive to the clastogenic action of CP. We compared CP clastogenicity at a dose of 25 mg/kg on bone marrow cells of AHs, mice, rats, guinea pigs and Chinese hamsters 24 h after treatment. We observed that this dose of CP induced only 2.8% aberrant cells in bone marrow of AHs, but 42.8%, 32.2%, 25% and 14.6% aberrant cells in bone marrow of guinea pigs, rats, mice and Chinese hamsters respectively. AHs are much more resistant to the metaphase-arresting action of colchicine than other species of rodents (e.g., the colchicine dose for AHs is 100-fold more than for rats). Thus AHs are the most resistant of all rodent species studied to the clastogenic action of CP.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/drug effects , Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Colchicine/toxicity , Mutagenesis , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells , Chromatids/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Guinea Pigs , Male , Mice , Rats , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
We studied the in vivo effect of rat immunization with tularemia live vaccine (TLV) on chromosomal aberrations (CA) induced in bone marrow cells by 4 anthracycline antibiotics. CA induced by adriamycin (ADR) and 4'-epiadriamycin (EADR) in rat bone marrow cells consisted mainly of chromatid breaks (approximately 90%), whereas lesions induced by aclacur (AC) and aclarubicin (ACR) consisted only of chromatid breaks. Preliminary cutaneous immunization of rats with TLV revealed significant suppression of CA induced by all 4 antibiotics. The present and previous results suggest that TLV may be a potent anticlastogenic factor.
