[Immunogenetic blood markers as a risk factor of development of periodic disease in Armenian population].

AIM: To reveal characteristic associations between various markers of immunogenetic (HLA--A, B, C, DR), erythrocytic (ABO, Rh-Hr, MNSs, Pp, Kell-Chellano, Lewis), serum (Gm, Inv) systems and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in Armenian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 41 to 125 patients (depending on systems studied) were examined. HLA-antigens of A-, B-, C-classes were detected by the microcytotoxic test in a total population of lymphocytes, HLA-DR antigens--by a prolonged test in B-lymphocytes, erythrocytic antigens--by hemagglutination technique and indirect Coombs' reaction, serum antigens--by the method of hemagglutination suppression. RESULTS: Confidential positive associative relations between antigens HLA-A1 and A9 (RR = 2.2 and 2.4), HLA B5 and B35 (RR = 3.03 and 3.2), HLA-Cw4 (RR = 4.3), HLA-DR3 (RR = 2.6), phenotypes AB (RR = 2.86) and MN (RR = 2.2), serum antigen Gmx+ (RR = 2.87) were demonstrated. Simultaneous expression of phenotype MN and antigen Gmx+ is a marker of high predisposition to the disease (RR = 4.7). Negative associative relations were found between FMF and antigens HLA-B12 and B18 (RR = 0.6 and 0.1), HLA DR4 (RR = 0.1) and phenotype MM (RR = 0.37). CONCLUSION: A simultaneous complex investigation of the markers of various immunogenetic systems allows detection of genetic markers of predisposition to FMF (HLA-B5, B35, Cw4, DR3, AB, Gmx+, MN) and the resistance to this disease (HLA-B12, B18, DR4) in a population of Armenians.

[Distribution of HLA antigens in the armenian population of Nagornyi Karabakh]. / Raspredelenie antigenov sistemy HLA v populiatsiiakh armian Nagornogo Karabakha.

Characteristics of the distribution of 31 HLA antigens of classes I (A, B, and Cw) and II (DR) in Nagornyi Karabakh Armenians are reported for the first time. It has been found that the antigens most common in this population are A2, A3, A9, B5, B7, B12, Cw4, DR4, DR2, and DR3; the least common antigens are B15, B16, and B40. The results are compared with the data for Armenians living in Armenia and those for major ethnic groups. The frequencies of HLA antigens in Nagornyi Karabakh Armenians match those in Armenians living in Armenia. In the HLA-antigen distribution, Armenians are generally close to Caucasoids.

[Immunogenetic markers of erythrocyte systems in Armenians of Nagornii Karabakh]. / Izuchenie immunogeneticheskikh markerov éritrotsitarnykh sistem u armian Nagornogo Karabakha.

Frequencies of antigens of erythrocytic systems Rh-Hr, MNSs, Pp, Kidd, Duffy, Kell-Chellano, and Lewis were studied in the indigenous Armenian population of Nagornyi Karabakh with regard to all possible genotypes. The results were compared with those obtained for populations of the Caucasus, Europe, and Asia. In general, the studied population had a typical Caucasoid gene system.

[Features of the distribution of haplotype phenotypes and genes in the Armenian population]. / Osobennosti raspredeleniia fenotipov i genov sistemy gaptoglobina (HP) v populiatsii armian.

Phenotypes and genes of the serum haptoglobin (HP) system were studied in connection with antigens of the systems ABO, Rhesus (D), Pp, MN, and Gm and with the sex of probands from the Armenian population. The data are compared with similar studies on some populations of the Caucasus, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Comparative analysis revealed some peculiarities of the studied phenotype distribution in the population of Armenians from Armenia. The A phenotype of the ABO system is shown to be positively associated with the HP1-1 variant.

[An analysis of the associational connections of immunogenetic blood markers with lymphogranulomatosis in Armenians]. / ANaliz assotsiativnykh sviazei nekotorykh immunogeneticheskikh markerov krovi s limfogranulematozom u armian.

A study of 11 immunogenetical blood systems (HLA-A, B C, DR; ABO; Rh-Hr; MNSs; Kidd; Kell-Chellano; Duffy; Lewis; Diego; Gm; Inv) involving 59 antigens was performed in patients of Armenian nationality with lymphogranulomatosis (LGM). Pathogenic associations of HLA, MNSs and Duffy systems with LGM were established. Positive correlations were found (p < 0.001) with HLA phenotypes DR-8, B-14, B-21, SS, Fy(a+b-). These phenotypes have significant correlation with LGM (RR = 4.7-2.1) and can be considered as genetic markers of LGM in the Armenian population.

[Necessity for immunologic studies in blood transfusion therapy]. / Neobkhodimost' immunologicheskikh issledovanii pri gemotransfuzionnoi terapii.

162 samples of blood from sensitized patients were investigated immunohematologically. All the patients were in need of blood transfusions. Immunization to HLA-antigens, to leukocyte and erythrocyte antigens was found in 74.0% and 25.4% of the patients, respectively. One patient (0.6%) had an extremely rare immunization to antigens D and c of Rh-Hr system. Before hemotransfusion the blood from the donor, recipient and their relatives was subjected to typing by various antigens of the red cell (ABO, Rh-Hr, MNSs, P, Duffy, Kidd, Kell-Chellano) and leukocyte (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR) systems. Blood transfusions were performed after individual blood matching by compatibility to basic red cell antigens (A, B, O, D, C, E, c, M, N, K, Fya, Ika and to wide-spectrum antigens HLA according to Terasaki scale. The blood transfusions following immunological matching proceeded without adverse reactions making the treatment more effective.

[Distribution of phenotypes and genes of ABO and Rhesus systems in the Nagornyi Karabakh population]. / Osobennosti raspredeleniia fenotipov i genov sistem ABO i Rhesus u naseleniia Nagornogo Karabakha.

Phenotype and gene frequencies of the distribution of phenotypes and genes of AB0 and Rhesus (D-factor) systems of Nagornyi Karabakh's Armenians, Russians and Azerbaijanians were studied; peculiarities of in incidence of these genes in these three populations were determined. Comparative analysis of the obtained data and the results of similar investigations for ethnic groups of the Caucasus, trans-Caucasian regions, Europe and Asia was performed.

[Distribution of serum protein antigens of the Gm and Inv systems in the Armenian population]. / Osobennosti raspredeleniia antigenov syvorotochnykh belkov sistem Gm i Inv v armianskoi populiatsii.

Serum protein distribution of the Gm system was studied considering 6 enzymes in 1006 and of the Inv system in 568 virtually healthy persons of Armenian nationality. The serum factors Gma, Gmb, Gmx and Inv(I) were defined by hemagglutination inhibition with the help of anti-Gma, anti-Gmb, anti-Gmx and anti-Inv(I) sera method. The reaction included also the anti-D sera which contain the corresponding antigens of the systems mentioned dispensed by the "Biotest--Serum" firm. Establishment of genetic distances and comparative analysis of the authors' results as well as the literature data about the distribution frequency of the serum factors Gma, Gmb, Gmx and Inv(I) in Armenians and in the main ethnic groups of the world made is possible to state that similarity exists between Armenian and European populations.

[Distribution of immunogenetic markers of erythrocyte systems in ischemic heart disease]. / Osobennosti raspredeleniia immunogeneticheskikh markerov éritrotsitarnykh sistem pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Distribution of 24 phenotypes of 6 red cell systems (ABO, Rh-Hr, MNSs, Duffy, Kell-Chellano, Kidd) has been studied for the first time in 275 coronary patients of Armenian nationality. Antigens ABO and MN were determined by hemagglutination, antigen Rho(D) by conglutination, antigens C, c, E, e, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, K and k by indirect Coombs reaction. Out of the 6 systems, only heterozygous phenotype Cc and homozygous phenotype Jk (a-b+) were positively associated with coronary heart disease. The carriers of the former had a risk of CHD 2.2-times that for patients carrying CC and Jk (a+b+), while the carriers of the latter had this risk increased 5-fold. Simultaneous identification of Kidd system phenotypes and Rh-Hr (Jkb (a-b+) and CC in the same patient may be considered as a genetic CHD marker in Armenian population. The above fact needs special attention in early preclinical diagnosis and prevention of CHD.

[Antigenic composition of serum proteins of the Inv system in normal conditions and in patients with hematologic diseases among the Armenian population]. / Antigennyi sostav syvorotochnykh belkov sistemy Inv v norme i pri gematologicheskikh zabolevaniiakh v populiatsii armian.

Inv (1) antigen distribution was studied in 568 normal subjects and in 354 hematological patients in the Armenian population. Inv (1) antigen was detected in 16.7% of the normal Armenians studied. The incidence rate of Inv (1) factor does not depend on the distribution of phenotypes of ABO system, rhesus factor (D), and the sex of the subjects investigated. Inv (1) antigen incidence rate in patients with acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, iron deficiency anemia, lymphogranulomatosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia was similar to that in the control, and only patients with chronic myeloid leukemia had significantly decreased levels of Inv (1) antigen: 6.8% as compared to 16.7% in the population.

[Blood group factor and HLA-related epilepsy among the Armenian population]. / Gruppovye faktory krovi i HLA-assotsiirovannost' épilepsii v Armianskoi populiatsii.

A study was made of the distribution of antigens of the isoserological systems ABO, Rh-Hr, MNSs, Duffy, Lutheran, Kidd, Kell-Chellano, P and Lewis in 192 epileptics++ in the Armenian community. It was found that the SS phenotype was significantly positively associated with epilepsy, whereas negative relations were established with the SS and AB phenotypes. The remaining group blood markers cannot serve markers of epilepsy in the Armenian community. The segregation familial analysis demonstrated as well that the MNSs system is not related genetically to the HLA system and the gene of "predisposition" to epilepsy, coupled in the Armenian community with HLA-B27 (cross-B27) and HLA-DR3 antigens.

[Immunologic markers of erythrocytes in lymphogranulomatosis]. / Immunologicheskie markery éritrotsitov pri limfogranulematoze.

The paper summarizes results of a study on immunologic markers of eight erythrocytic systems (ABO, Rh-Hr, MNSs, Kell-Cellano, Daffy, Kidd, Levis and Diego) which include 21 antigens in healthy subjects and patients with Hodgkin's disease of the Armenian nationality. Peculiarities of distribution of some erythrocytic antigens in patients with Hodgkin's disease were identified.

[Genetic markers of erythrocyte blood groups in multiple sclerosis among the Armenian population]. / Geneticheskie markery éritrotsitarnykh grupp krovi pri rasseiannom skleroze v armianskoi populiatsii.

The isoserologic systems, including AB, Rh-Hz, MNSs, Duffy, Kidd, Kell-Chellano, Lutheran, Diego, and Lewis ones were investigated in 50 patients with disseminated sclerosis and in the general population. An increased rate of the Duffy phenotype (a-b+) is reported in the patients versus the population control. Individuals with this phenotype are at three times as great a risk of developing disseminated sclerosis than those with the Duffy phenotype (a+b-). The Duffy antigen (b+) is considered as a possible genetic marker of the disease in the Armenian population.