ABSTRACT
Background: Global demand for food products derived from alternative proteins and produced through sustainable technological routes is increasing. Evaluation of research progress, main trends and developments in the field are valuable to identify evolutionary nuances. Methods: In this study, a bibliometric analysis and search of patents on alternative proteins from fermentation processes was carried out using the Web of Science and Derwent World Patents Index™ databases, using the keywords and Boolean operators "fermentation" AND "single cell protein" OR "single-cell protein." The dataset was processed and graphics generated using the bibliometric software VOSviewer and OriginPro 8.1. Results: The analysis performed recovered a total of 360 articles, of which 271 were research articles, 49 literature review articles and 40 publications distributed in different categories, such as reprint, proceedings paper, meeting abstract among others. In addition, 397 patents related to the field were identified, with China being the country with the largest number of publications and patents deposits. While this topic is largely interdisciplinary, the majority of work is in the area of Biotechnology Applied Microbiology, which boasts the largest number of publications. The area with the most patent filings is the food sector, with particular emphasis on the fields of biochemistry, beverages, microbiology, enzymology and genetic engineering. Among these patents, 110 are active, with industries or companies being the largest depositors. Keyword analysis revealed that the area of study involving single cell protein has included investigation into types of microorganisms, fermentation, and substrates (showing a strong trend in the use of agro-industrial by-products) as well as optimization of production processes. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provided important information, challenges, and trends on this relevant subject.
ABSTRACT
Interest in nanocellulose obtained from natural resources has grown, mainly due to the characteristics that these materials provide when incorporated in biodegradable films as an alternative for the improvement of the properties of nanocomposites. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of nanocellulose obtained from different fibers (corncob, corn husk, coconut shell, and wheat bran) into the chitosan/glycerol films. The nanocellulose were obtained through acid hydrolysis. The properties of the different nanobiocomposites were comparatively evaluated, including their barrier and mechanical properties. The nanocrystals obtained for coconut shell (CS), corn husk (CH), and corncob (CC) presented a length / diameter ratio of 40.18, 40.86, and 32.19, respectively. Wheat bran (WB) was not considered an interesting source of nanocrystals, which may be justified due to the low percentage of cellulose. Significant differences were observed in the properties of the films studied. The water activity varied from 0.601 (WB Film) to 0.658 (CH Film) and the moisture content from 15.13 (CS Film) to 20.86 (WB Film). The highest values for tensile strength were presented for CC (11.43 MPa) and CS (11.38 MPa) films, and this propriety was significantly increased by nanocellulose addition. The results showed that the source of the nanocrystal determined the properties of the chitosan/glycerol films.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Brazil has the largest herd of goats of the American continent, with more than 9 million head. Goat farming is considered a growing and important activity for the economy, mainly in the northeastern region of Brazil .In this research, were determined the lipid content and the composition of fillet and shank fatty acids of young goats, registered in the inspection sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and marketed in the city of Salvador (Bahia). The average percentage of total lipids in the fillet was 1.68±0.04 and in the shank of 4.02±0.09, this is a significant difference between the cuts (P<0.05). Twenty-seven (27) fatty acids were identified in the cuts, most are palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1ω9) present in 21.32%, 20.39%, 34.49% in the fillet and 21.74%, 21.94%, 33.38% in the shank, respectively. The total sums of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged of 42.75 to 45.23% and 14.04 to 12.35% between fillet and shank cuts, respectively. The ratio of PUFA/SFA was 0.35 for fillet and 0.15 for shank, and the ratio ω6/ω3 was 3.07 for fillet and 2.27 for shank. Therefore, is a significant difference in total lipid content and fatty acid composition in commercial cuts of beef fillet and shank.
RESUMO: O Brasil apresenta a maior população de caprinos do continente americano, com mais de nove milhões de cabeças, a caprinocultura é considerada uma atividade em ascensão e de grande importância para a economia, principalmente da região nordeste. No presente trabalho foram determinados o teor de lipídios totais e o perfil de ácidos graxos de amostras de filé e pernil de caprinos juvenil, registrados em órgãos de inspeção do Ministério da Agricultura e comercializados na cidade de Salvador (Bahia). O percentual médio de lipídios totais no filé foi de 1,68±0,04 e no pernil de 4,02±0,09, com diferenças significativas entre os cortes (p<0,05). Foram identificados nos cortes, vinte e sete ácidos graxos, sendo os majoritários os ácidospalmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0) e oleico (C18:1ω9) presentes em 21,32%, 20,39%, 34,49% no filé, e 21,74%, 21,94%, 33,38% no pernil, respectivamente. Os somatórios totais de ácidos graxos saturados e poli-insaturados variaram de 42,75 a 45,23% e de 14,04 a 12,35%, entre os cortes de filé e de pernil, respectivamente. A razão entre AGPI/AGS foi de 0,35 para o filé e de 0,15 para o pernil, e a razão ω6/ω3 foi de 3,07 para o filé e de 2,27 para o pernil. Constatou-se que existe uma diferença significativa no teor de lipídios totais e da composição de ácidos graxos em cortes comerciais de filé e pernil de carne caprina.
