ABSTRACT
The effects of nanosized particles (4-6 nm) of synthetic diamonds on mouse macrophage expression and secretion of lysosomal cathepsins (B and D) and MMP-1 and MMP-9 were studied in vitro. Culturing of peritoneal macrophages in medium with diamond nanoparticles led to an increase in the counts of macrophages expressing the above enzymes and to stimulation of their secretion. However, the manifestations of these effects varied significantly for various enzymes. The data indicate modulation of macrophage functions by nanodiamonds. These results help better understand the possible role of the "corpuscular" xenobiotic factors in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with macrophage capturing of these factors irrespective of their chemical "activity".
Subject(s)
Diamond/chemistry , Macrophages/metabolism , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Animals , Cathepsins/metabolism , Hydrolysis , Macrophages/drug effects , Male , Metalloproteases/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Grade IIIB skin burns were treated with a composition based on oxidized dextran with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation of 7% glucose residues). On day 32 after burn infliction and from the start of the treatment, the area of skin defect in rats was 30% less than in the group without treatment and by 2.3 times less than in rats treated with panthenol. In rats treated with dextran-based composition or panthenol, the eschar was absent on day 21 after the start of the treatment; by day 32, we found cells of surface epithelium, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands above the scar tissue that were absent in untreated animals; in rats treated with the composition, their number was higher by 2.5 times than in animals treated with panthenol. Treatment with the composition increased volume density (by 2.5 times) and numerical density (by more than 3 times) of blood vessels in the wound and reduced signs of inflammation and fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in comparison with the corresponding parameters in untreated animals or animals treated with panthenol.
Subject(s)
Burns/drug therapy , Dextrans/chemistry , Dextrans/therapeutic use , Skin/injuries , Animals , Macrophages/metabolism , Male , Neutrophils/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Skin/drug effectsABSTRACT
The effects of synthetic diamond nanoparticles (4-6 nm) on mouse macrophage biotropism and biocompatibility and the modulation of the macrophage functions (expression of IL-1α, TNF-α, GM-CSF, bFGF, and TGF-ß) by nanoparticles in different concentrations were studied in vitro during exposure of different duration. Macrophage endocytosis of nanodiamonds increased with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in culture and incubation time. Nanodiamonds exhibited high biotropism and biocompatibility towards macrophages; in doses of 10-20 µg/ml, they induced expression of GM-CSF and TGF-ß, inhibited expression of bFGF, and did not stimulate IL-1α and TNF-α. These data indicate that nanodiamond capture by macrophages in the studied experimental model led to modulation of the functional status of macrophages that determine their capacity to stimulate reparative processes without increasing proinflammatory and profibrogenic status.
