[Ultrasonographic symptoms of portal hypertension]. / Sonograficheskaia simptomatika portal'noi gipertenzii.

Ultrasound investigation was performed in 49 patients with the syndrome of portal hypertension. A portal blood flow blockade level could be determined by the type of changes of the abdominal and hepatic vessels. Portal hypertension of intrahepatic type was characterized by the dilated portal and splenic veins and the hepatic artery. The intrahepatic branches of the portal vein were amputated. Prehepatic blockade was diagnosed on the basis of local narrowing of the portal vein by a sizable formation, liver vascularization was unnoticed. A suprahepatic block was unaccompanied by a dramatic change in the lumens of the portal and splenic veins and the hepatic artery. A conclusion was made that real time ultrasound investigation could provide important information on differential diagnosis of the causes of a portal block. As a noninvasive and harmless method it should play a leading role in hepatological practice.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of voluminous formations in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in newborn infants]. / Ultrazvukovaia diagnostika ob"emnykh obrazovanii briushnoi polosti i zabriushinnogo prostranstva u novorozhdennykh.

Introduction of the ultrasound research method into obstetrical practice has given rise to a possibility of revealing developmental abnormalities and neoformations in the prenatal period. The same method enables identifying volumetric formations in the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in the newborn. Ultrasound examination of the newborn presupposes the obligatory use of the equipment working in the real time mode, with a high rate of image design as well as the use of monitors run at a frequency of not less than 5 to 7.5 mHz with a wide visual field and equipped with the electronic switching of emitters. Until now there have been no reported data on the side effects of ultrasonic energies used for diagnosis. That is why this method can be regarded as absolutely safe for children.

[Puncture biopsy with ultrasonic control in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the organs of the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis]. / Punktsionnaia biopsiia s ul'trazvukovym kontrolem v diagnostike ob''emnykh obrazovanii organov briushnoi polosti i malogo taza.

Fine-needle puncture aspiration biopsy was performed in 182 patients with various visceral tumors. The results were negative in 4 (2.2%) cases only. The malignant nature of tumor was established in 140 cases whereas benign--in 38. The histogenetic type of tumor was reliably established in 75% of patients. In 25% of cases, biopsy revealed a malignancy but failed to identify its origin.

[Lymphography, computed tomography and ultrasonic examination in determining the involvement of retroperitoneal and abdominal lymph nodes in Hodgkin's disease]. / Limfografiia, komp'iuternaia tomografiia i ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v opredelenii porazheniia zabriushinnykh i abdominal'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri limfogranulematoze.

Altogether 45 patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined with the help of lymphography (LG), computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (USG). The LG, CT and USG results obtained in 20 patients were compared with the histological findings. The retroperitoneal lymph nodes contrasted in LG, when involved in a pathological process, were detected with approximately the same accuracy in CT and USG. The abdominal lymph nodes undiscernible on lymphograms, were visualized in CT and USG, the sensitivity of USG was higher than that of CT. An optimum scheme for examination of patients with Hodgkin's disease with USG as the chief method was proposed. CT and LG are conducted depending on USG results and a clinical picture of disease.

[Ultrasound diagnosis of the involvement of retroperitoneal and abdominal lymph nodes in Hodgkin's disease]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika porazheniia zabriushinnykh i abdominal'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri limfogranulematoze.

Ultrasonography and lymphography have been carried out in 238 patients with Hodgkin's disease to define the stage, recurrences and evaluate the efficiency of treatment. In 35 cases the results have been verified by morphologic study of lymph nodes removed during laparotomies. The results of ultrasonic study demonstrate involvement of lymph nodes of the spleen hilum, liver and other abdominal nodes found in 14 out of 115 untreated patients. The involvement of the nodes below the diaphragm has been found in 39 patients out of 123, subjected to different treatments. The significance of the technique in evaluating treatment efficiency, diagnosing recurrences and progression of the process has been shown.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of splenic and hepatic lesions in lymphogranulomatosis]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika porazhenii selezenki i pecheni pri limfogranulematoze.

Ultrasound investigation was conducted in 21 patients with Hodgkin's disease to determine the involvement of the spleen and liver in the process. The results obtained were verified histologically in 19 cases at laporotomy and in 2 cases at autopsy. Focal spleen lesion (focal sizes from 0.3-2 cm) was correctly recognized in 7 out of 9 patients, liver lesion in 3 out 4 patients. No false-positive results were obtained in cases in which spleen and liver lesions were not determined histologically. The value of ultrasound investigation for dynamic observation in liver lesion was emphasized. The method was recommended for a wide clinical use and assessment of therapeutic results of disseminated Hodgkin's disease.

[Pharmacolymphography (author's transl)]. / Pharmakolymphographie.

In 110 patients with different malignant tumors various pharmacological substances (Ridol (G. Richter, Hungary), Arphonad (Hoffmann, Switzerland), Xavin (Chinoin, Hungary) etc.) were used in lymphography to improve inflow of contrast medium and visualization of lymph vessels and nodes. Different substances with vasodilatatory effects of varying degree were tested. Ridol and the combination Atropin-Promedol-Pipolphen proved to have a specific lymphotropic affinity. Time of contrast medium injection could be shortened and visualization of the intermediary lymphnode sinus as well as thoracic duct improved by pharmacolymphography. The optimal method consists of i.m. Ridol application 10 to 15 minutes prior to lymphangiography and endolymphatic injection of the combination Atropin-Promedol-Pipolphen.

[Pharmacolymphography]. / Farmakolimfografiia.

With the goal of accelerating the contrast-medium injection at the lymphography and improving the contrasting of the vessels and node conduction system the authors applied a variety of pharmacological preparations: Ridol (G. Richter), Nospanum (Quinoine, HPR), Arfonadum (Hoffman-La Rochet, Switzerland), Xavinum (Quinoine) etc. in 110 cases of various malignant neoplasms. All the selected drugs are, to a greater or lesser extent, of a vasodilative effect. It has been found that Ridol together with the combination of Novocaine and Nospanum produce a pronounced lymphotropic effect. Pharmacolymphography with these preparations contributes to the shortening of the time necessary for the injection of contrast-medium and also improves the image of the intermediate node sinuses and of the thoracic duct.