[Immune mechanisms of resistance in mice to the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus]. / Immunnye mekhanizmy rezistentnosti myshei k virusu zapadnogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

Using the immunogenetic method and method of immunomodification of outbred animals, it was established that immune response of humoral or cell-mediated type to WEE virus antigens did not play any important role in the survival of intact mice infected with WEE virus. Under such conditions, it is inexpedient to select immune response modulators. The immune response of predominantly cell-mediated type is a determining factor of resistance to WEE virus in mice after immunization started 7 days before challenge of the animals.

[Effect of immunocorrective agents on the production of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro]. / Vliianie immunokorrektorov na produktsiia virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka I tipa in vitro.

Enhancement of HIV-I production by immunostimulators leakadine (5 micrograms/ml) and thymosin (10 micrograms/ml) by 40 +/- 10% and a significant inhibition of HIV-I production by immunosuppressors cortisone and dexasone was demonstrated in H9 culture. HIV-I production was estimated by the number of cells expressing viral antigens on the membranes. The effect of modulation by immunocorrective agents of H9 cell sensitivity to HIV-I was found not to be associated with the effect of the drugs on CD4-receptor expression. A relationship between the immunostimulating doses of the drug and the concentration in which it enhances virus production was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of the phenomenon are discussed.

[Interferon responses of various populations of lymphocytes of inbred mice with various degrees of sensitivity to the western equine encephalitis virus]. / Interferonovye reaktsii razlichnykh populiatsii limfotsitov inbrednykh linii myshei s raznoi stepen'iu chuvstvitel'nosti k virusu zapadnogo éntsefalomielita loshadei.

The sensitivity of mice of three lines: CBA, BALB/C, and C57BL/6 (males aged greater than or equal to 4-5 and one week) to peripheral inoculation with Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus was studied. The C57BL/6 line was found to be the most and CBA the least sensitive. The first generation hybrids between these lines are intermediate in their sensitivity to WEE virus. A correlation was established between the increased sensitivity to WEE virus of C57BL/6 mice and the defect of the interferon system in these mice manifested by the extremely low capacity of their thymocytes for production of beta and alpha-interferons, as well as by a significant decrease of interferon responses of splenocytes to Newcastle disease virus, L-1 (alpha-interferon), lafarin, beta-interferon, concanaxalin-A (alpha-interferon) after immunization with antigens of different origin.

[Use of a continuous human T-lymphocyte H9 culture for screening chemical preparations that suppress the reproduction of the human immunodeficiency virus]. / Ispol'zovanie perevivaemoi kul'tury T-limfotsitov cheloveka H9 dlia otbora khimiopreparatov, podavliaiushchikh reproduktsiiu virusa immunodefitsita cheloveka.

Studies were carried out on the effectiveness of ribamidil, sodium phosphonoformate, cortisone, and deksazon as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reproduction which was tested by immunofluorescence. The drugs were screened in H9/IIIB culture permissively infected with HIV virus, and in H9 culture subsequently infected with cell-free virus-containing culture fluid or by adding live cells from H9/IIIB culture. The latter variant was shown to be advantageous, especially if the available cultures did not produce large amounts of the virus. Because of the effectiveness of the immunosuppressants, the possibility of screening in lymphocyte cultures and selection of preparations exerting no true antiviral effect is discussed.

[Action of Soviet chemical preparations, reaferon and inducers on the reproduction of HTLV-III retrovirus]. / Izuchenie deistviia otechestvennykh khimiopreparatov, reaferona i induktorov na reproduktsiiu retrovirusa HTLV-III.

The effect of some Soviet chemical drugs (ribamydil, sodium phosphonoformate, acycloguanosine) as well as reaferon (genetic engineering alpha-interferon) and interferon inducers (lafarine, ridastine, rifastine, ENKAD) on HIV retrovirus reproduction was studied in cultures of continuous lymphoid cells H9 and a line of H9/IIIB cells persistently infected with HIV virus. The presence of viral antigen in the cells was determined by quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assays using a working dilution of 1:20 of a serum from an AIDS patient as the immune serum. The above studies showed that 3 drugs: ribamydil (50 micrograms/ml), phosphonoformate (120 micrograms/ml) and recombinant interferon (1000 IU/ml) were capable of statistically significant inhibition of retrovirus replication in continuous cultures of T-lymphocytes.