Investigation of Taurine Derivative Magnesium-Bis-(2-Aminoethanesulfonic)-Butadioateon Alleviation of Neurological Defects in Simulated Hemorrhagic Stroke in Rats.

Stroke or ischemia is caused by a blockage in a specific blood vessel that partially or completely reduces the blood flow to the brain. Nutritional factors such as antioxidants and healthy eating patterns are important variables in preventing stroke. Molecular composition properties such as molecular binding and screening can be used to evaluate the specific activity and morphological changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke in rats with a new derivative of taurine magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate. The animals (n=170) were divided into four groups as follows: 1) control group (n=20), 2) group 2 suffered a hemorrhagic stroke without pharmacological correction (n=50), 3) group 3 (n=50) underwent simulation of hemorrhagic stroke received Taurine at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 4) Group 4 underwent simulation of hemorrhagic stroke with correction of hemorrhagic stroke with magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate at the dose of 150 mg/kg (LKHT 3-17) (n=50). Hemorrhagic stroke was induced by transfusing autologous blood into the parietal lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain. Lethality, neurological status, locomotor, and exploratory behavior, as well as the morphological pattern of the brain damage, were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the pathology simulation. Neurological deficit was determined in animals by the McGrow stroke index scale. The locomotor and exploratory behavior was evaluated using the Acti-track software and hardware complex. Two criteria were considered when assessing morphological changes in the brain: the average thickness of the cerebral cortex (in micrometers) and the number of neurons without degenerative changes. LKHT 3-17 (150 mg/kg) and taurine (50 mg/kg) reduced lethality by 1.7 and 1.36 times, respectively, on the 3rd day after stroke compared to that of the control (p<0.05). In parallel, a neurological deficit was effectively corrected LKHT 3-17 and taurine to 5.3±0.8 and 6.5±0.9, respectively, on the 1st day in contrast to the control of 8.1±0.7 points. The locomotor and exploratory behavior was significantly different on the 7th day and was accompanied by a significant increase in total activity under the influence of LKHT 3-17 to 491 conventional units (CU) compared to the control of 110 conventional units. On the 1st day, the thickness of the cortex was 1943.7±44.08 µm, and 1491.0±38.61 µm in the control and LKHT 3-17 groups, respectively. The number of neurons without neurodegenerative changes prevailed in LKHT 3-17 group (18.7±4.32), and the lowest number was observed in the group without pharmacological correction of the pathology (14.3±3.78). The taurine derivative magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate, which is a combination of the amino acid, magnesium ion, and succinic acid, decreases the neurological deficits, lethality, and enhances the locomotor and exploratory behavior in experimental hemorrhagic stroke in rats. The effect of the studied medication on the dynamics of molecular pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in the cell requires additional research.

Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Magnesium-Bis-(2-Aminoethanesulfonic)-Butanedioate in Simulated Ischemic Stroke in Rats.

Sudden loss of blood flow to an area of the brain causes ischemic stroke, which leads to the loss of nerve function in the brain. The brain tissue leads to the death of brain cells in less than a few minutes due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of the consequences of ischemic stroke with a new derivative of taurine magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butanedioate under laboratory code LKHT 3-17 in rats. The ischemic stroke was simulated by electrocoagulation of the right middle cerebral artery. The assessment of lethality, neurological status, locomotor, exploratory behavior, and morphological pattern of the brain damage was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day after the pathology simulation. Neurological deficit was determined by the McGrow stroke index scale. The locomotor and exploratory behavior was evaluated using the Acti-track software and hardware complex. When assessing the morphological changes in the brain, attention was paid to two criteria, including the average thickness of the brain cortex and the number of neurons without degenerative changes. The substances were administered 60 minutes before the start of surgery. The animals were divided into an intact group (n=20); ischemic stroke simulation group without pharmacological correction (n=50); a group with correction of the ischemic stroke with taurine at the dose of 50 mg/kg (n=50); and a group with correction of ischemic stroke with magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate (LKHT 3-17) at the dose of 150 mg/kg (n=50).LHT 3-17 (150 mg/kg) and taurine (50 mg/kg) reduced lethality by 1.55 and 1.47 times, respectively, on the 7th day after stroke, compared to the control group (P<0.05). In parallel, an effective correction of neurological deficit was found for LKHT 3-17 and taurine to 4.0±0.8 and 7.6±0.9, respectively, on the 3rd day in contrast to the control of 8.1±0.8 points. The locomotor and exploratory behavior was most significantly different on the 1st and 7th days and was accompanied by a significant increase in the speed of movement under the influence of LKHT3-17 to 20 and 20 conventional units, compared to the control of 7 and 5 cu. On the 1st day, the thickness of the cortex was 1877.3±43.3 µm in the control group, and 1531.8±39.1 µm in the LKHT 3-17 group. The number of neurons without neurodegenerative changes prevailed in the group administered with LHT 3-17 (19.3±4.3), and the lowest number was observed in the group without pharmacological correction of the pathology (14.3±3.7).LKHT 3-17 at a dose of 150 mg/kg is more effective than taurine 50 mg/kg in protecting nerve activity in experimental ischemic stroke and reducing lethality, minimizing nerve defects, reducing volume, accelerating the process of tissue repair, helping stroke, and activating the regenerative processes.

Characteristics of Factors of Protozoa Blastocystis hominis Persistence.

Persistence activity manifested in the expression of anti-lysozyme, anti-lactoferrin, and antihistone factors promoting inactivation of natural anti-infection resistance factors in the body was revealed in Blastocystis hominis protozoa. Activities of these factors were ranged. The frequency of these factors in clinical isolates of blastocyst decreased in the following order: anti-lactoferrin activity (84.5±3.7%)→anti-lysozyme activity (64.8±5.7%)→anti-histone activity (48.1±2.3%). In healthy humans, the corresponding parameters were 7.3±1.3, 5.3±0.9, and 3.3±0.4%, respectively (p<0.05). It was shown that the studied activities in highly virulent blastocysts were higher than in groups of medium-, low-, and avirulent protozoa.

The Use of Atomic Force Microscopy for Cytomorphological Analysis of Bacterial Infection Agents.

Cytomorphological signs of bacterial infection agents were studied by atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the elastic mechanical characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. from the skin of patients with chronic dermatoses showed lower elasticity of S. aureus cell membrane in comparison with that of transitory flora representatives. Significant differences in characteristics of cell membrane relief and presence of fimA pathogenicity factor were detected in E. coli isolated from the reproductive tract mucosa of clinically healthy women and patients with inflammatory urogenital infections.

The Use of Cell Elastography to Study the Biomechanical Properties of Bacillus subtilis.

The cytometric, elastic, and adhesion properties of Bacillus subtilis at different terms of culturing were studied. The cytometric parameters of bacterial cells increased by day 6 in culture and decreased at later terms. Analysis of membrane rigidity showed that parameters describing bacterial elastic properties underwent waveform changes: the decrease in bacterial elasticity (from day 1 to 6) was followed by its increase on day 12 in culture. Analysis of adhesion activity showed that this parameter increased during the first 6 days and than decreased at later stages culturing.

A comparison of phylogenetic group, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Russian and Norwegian isolates of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infection.

Isolates of Escherichia coli from 31 Norwegian and 31 Russian females with significant bacteruria who presented with clinical signs of urinary tract infection (UTI) were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity, the presence of virulence genes, phylogroup distribution and clonal affinity. Twenty isolates, representing the full clonal diversity of a collection of 138 intestinal isolates of E. coli from healthy Norwegian females, served as a reference group. Russian UTI isolates belonged more often to phylogroup A and possessed fewer virulence genes than did Norwegian isolates. UTI isolates of E. coli were genetically heterogeneous and had a high degree of antimicrobial sensitivity.

[An experimental model of enteric klebsiellosis]. / Eksperimental'naia model' kishechnogo klebsielleza.

Acute enteric infection was reproduced in rabbits, used as an experimental model, receiving Aspergillus flavus metabolites with food for 15 days and inoculated rectally with enterotoxigenic strain Klebsiella pneumoniae K24 6723. Pathomorphological study revealed the penetration of Klebsiella into microplicate cells of the intestinal epithelium, the proliferation of bacteria in the lamina propria and in the cupolas of Peyer's patches, as well as in phagolysosomes of leukocytes and macrophages. The lesion of the mucous membrane in both large and small intestine, accompanied by the hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles, was noted. As a rule, surface epithelium was dystrophically changed and peeled off into the lumen of the intestine. The specificity of such lesion was confirmed by the detection of Klebsiella in Coons' direct immunofluorescence test. The experimental model confirmed the role of a decrease in immunological protective reactions of the body, caused the action of A.flavus metabolites, in the development of the infectious process, initiated by opportunistic enterobacteria.

[The results of a retrospective examination of patients with acute rheumatic fever]. / Rezul'taty retrospektivnogo obsledovaniia bol'nykh ostroi revmaticheskoi likhoradkoi.

The authors describe the results obtained during retrospective examinations of 45 subjects who suffered from acute rheumatic fever 10-14 years before. Of these, 19 subjects were treated with prednisolone in the acute disease period, 16 with indomethacin, and 8 subjects with voltaren. The examinations were mostly randomized (30 subjects); no differences in the anti-inflammatory effect were discovered. Heart disease was found in 9 persons (20%). Of these, 6 were treated with prednisolone, 2 with indomethacin, and 1 with voltaren. The disease relapses were recorded in 4 of them, the signs of valvulitis in the past were shown only by 2 persons (echocardiographically). 12 persons (27%) had mitral valve prolapse which had not been diagnosed on the first admission to the hospital, with any clinical signs of hypermotility lacking. In 18 persons (40%) having no valve lesions (disease, prolapse), an x-ray examination revealed a slight increase of the heart size, estimated as a manifestation of postmyocardial cardiosclerosis. Thus, it has been shown that modern anti-inflammatory therapy does not prevent the development of heart disease. Apparently, its onset is related to specific proneness in some of the patients.

[Possible use of exclusive ghosts of autologous erythrocytes for directed transport of antibiotics]. / O vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia zamknutykh tenei autologichnykh eritrotsitov dlia napravlennogo transporta antibiotikov.

Incorporation of rubomycin into exclusive shades of erythrocytes amounted to 7.1 per cent, that of tetracyclines to 6.9-8.9 per cent. Determination of stability of the erythrocyte containers showed that leakage of the antibiotics proceeded during the first 30 minutes of incubation at 37 degrees C when titrated with the Hanks solution. It varied with respect to different antibiotics. With the use of blood serum for titration stability of the erythrocyte containers probably increased. After incubation for 30 minutes only traces of the tetracycline derivatives were detected in the supernatant liquid while rubomycin was not detectable at all. Therefore, the study showed that the exclusive shades of autologous erythrocytes may be in principle used for transport of water-soluble antibiotics.