ABSTRACT
Middle-aged women in patriarchial societies are still widely considered as deficient and damaged and therefore can easily become objects of medical attention. The authors seek the reasons for this in fact that the different changes of male and female potency in the 45 to 55 age-group provoke defense mechanisms. These are meant to ensure the intactness of the male--who then is supposedly in his 'best age'--for the sake of both men and women. Apart from this, psychoanalytical theories--like the one of the "depressive position", held by Melanie Klein--confirm the prejudice that a woman going through the change of life is damaged, and thus has to mourn the "desease" of menopause.
Subject(s)
Climacteric/psychology , Gender Identity , Illusions , Personality Development , Psychoanalytic Theory , Reality Testing , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sick RoleABSTRACT
Extended psychiatric and pediatric examinations were performed on patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent psychological testing to measure intelligence, visual perception, and psycholinguistic abilities. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. The investigation revealed a broad scale of developmental hazards and psychopathologic symptoms indicating the negative long-range effects of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. The extent of morphologic damage was found to be a good predictor of psychopathology and mental impairment. Social environment and socioeconomic status appear less important as predictors.
Subject(s)
Child Development/drug effects , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/psychology , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/psychology , Adolescent , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/chemically induced , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child, Preschool , Cognition Disorders/chemically induced , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/chemically induced , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Intelligence/drug effects , Male , Pregnancy , Psychological Tests , Social Environment , Visual Perception/drug effectsABSTRACT
Extended psychiatric and pediatric examinations were performed on patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent psychological testing to measure intelligence, visual perception, and psycholinguistic abilities. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. The investigation revealed a broad scale of developmental hazards and psychopathologic symptoms indicating the negative long-range effects of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. The extent of morphologic damage was found to be a good predictor of psychopathology and mental impairment. Social environment and socioeconomic status appear less important as predictors.
Subject(s)
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Female , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/complications , Humans , Infant , Intelligence , Language Disorders/etiology , Male , Maternal Age , Mental Disorders/etiology , Pregnancy , Social Environment , Visual PerceptionSubject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Epilepsy/complications , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Child , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Female , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/etiology , PregnancySubject(s)
Epilepsy/genetics , Mothers/psychology , Neurocognitive Disorders/genetics , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Epilepsy/psychology , Female , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/psychology , Humans , Hydantoins/adverse effects , Male , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , Pregnancy , Psychological Tests , Risk , Substance-Related Disorders/genetics , Substance-Related Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Data from pediatric, neurological, psychiatric and psychological examinations of 71 children suffering from alcoholembryopathy (AE) are reported. In comparison to a matched control group history revealed an increased rate of developmental retardation during the neonatal period and the toddler age. Besides the frequently described morphological characteristics neurological examinations frequently revealed deficits of fine motor coordination. Psychiatric examinations led to various symptoms indicating a marked psychoorganic syndrome. Impairment of cognitive functions was detected by psychological testing. Finally there were positive correlations between morphological and psychological damage.
