Nutritional status and age at menarche in Amazonian students.

OBJECTIVES: Age at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. RESULTS: 559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). CONCLUSION: Regardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students.

Surto de raiva em bovinos no Estado do Piauí, Brasil / Outbreak of rabies in cattle of Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um surto de raiva ocorrido em bovinos da bacia leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí. Um total de 127 animais veio a óbito com sintomatologia nervosa. Três animais foram necropsiados e amostras de encéfalo e cerebelo foram colhidas para realização de Imunofluorescência Direta (RIFD), Prova Biológica em Camundongo (PBC) e exame histopatológico. Além disto, 16 morcegos Desmodus rotundus) foram capturados na propriedade e em cavernas circunvizinhas e submetidos à RIFD e PBC. As amostras provenientes dos bovinos e morcegos foram positivas à RIFD e PBC. Além disso; o exame histopatológico das amostras bovinas revelou lesões compatíveis com a doença. Este trabalho relata o primeiro surto de raiva em bovinos da bacia leiteira do Estado do Piauí e demonstra a necessidade de adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle da raiva em locais onde há morcegos hematófagos.(AU)

This paper aims to report an outbreak of rabies in cattle of dairy region of Parnaíba, Piauí. A total of 127 animals died with neurological symptoms. Three animals were necropsied and samples from brain and cerebellum were collected to perform Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT) and Biological Test in Mice (BTM). Moreover, 16 bats (Desmodus rotundus) were captured on the property and surrounding caves and, then, submitted to DFAT and BTM. The samples from bovines and bats were positive by DFAT and BTM. In addition, the histopathological examination of bovine samples revealed lesions compatibles with the disease. This work reports the first outbreak of rabies in cattle in the dairy region of Piauí and demonstrates the need to adopt measures to prevent and control rabies in places where there are hematophagous bats.(AU)

Surto de raiva em bovinos no Estado do Piauí, Brasil / Outbreak of rabies in cattle of Piauí state, Brazil

Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um surto de raiva ocorrido em bovinos da bacia leiteira de Parnaíba, Piauí. Um total de 127 animais veio a óbito com sintomatologia nervosa. Três animais foram necropsiados e amostras de encéfalo e cerebelo foram colhidas para realização de Imunofluorescência Direta (RIFD), Prova Biológica em Camundongo (PBC) e exame histopatológico. Além disto, 16 morcegos Desmodus rotundus) foram capturados na propriedade e em cavernas circunvizinhas e submetidos à RIFD e PBC. As amostras provenientes dos bovinos e morcegos foram positivas à RIFD e PBC. Além disso; o exame histopatológico das amostras bovinas revelou lesões compatíveis com a doença. Este trabalho relata o primeiro surto de raiva em bovinos da bacia leiteira do Estado do Piauí e demonstra a necessidade de adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle da raiva em locais onde há morcegos hematófagos.

This paper aims to report an outbreak of rabies in cattle of dairy region of Parnaíba, Piauí. A total of 127 animals died with neurological symptoms. Three animals were necropsied and samples from brain and cerebellum were collected to perform Direct Immunofluorescence Test (DFAT) and Biological Test in Mice (BTM). Moreover, 16 bats (Desmodus rotundus) were captured on the property and surrounding caves and, then, submitted to DFAT and BTM. The samples from bovines and bats were positive by DFAT and BTM. In addition, the histopathological examination of bovine samples revealed lesions compatibles with the disease. This work reports the first outbreak of rabies in cattle in the dairy region of Piauí and demonstrates the need to adopt measures to prevent and control rabies in places where there are hematophagous bats.