[In vitro effects of a novel class of nitric oxide donating compounds on isolated human urinary bladder]. / In vitro-Effekte einer neuen Klasse Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) freisetzender Substanzen auf die glatte Muskulatur des humanen Detrusors.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified an important neurotransmitter involved in the control of the human urinary tract. It has been suggested that NO is one of the factors keeping the bladder relaxed during the filling phase. This function might be mediated by the NO-induced elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP. Prostaglandins (PG) are known to exert contractile effects on the bladder smooth musculature, especially in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a new class of NO donor drugs, combining both anti-phlogistic and NO-donating activity (NCX 2111 and HCT 1026), on the contraction induced by PG or electrical field stimulation (EFS) of isolated human detrusor. Effects were compared to those of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), forskolin, tolterodine, and oxybutynin. Using the organ bath technique, drug effects on the contraction induced by PG ((F2 alpha)) or EFS of isolated human detrusor smooth muscle were investigated. Detrusor strips were also exposed to increasing concentrations of the compounds (0.1 microM - 10 microM) and the accumulation of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP was determined by means of radioimmunoassays. The tension induced by PG was dose-dependently reversed by the drugs. The rank order of efficacy was: forskolin > SNP > NCX 2111 > HCT 1026. R(max) values ranged from 57% (forskolin) to 24% (HCT 1026). Compounds also dose-dependently reduced the amplitudes of contraction induced by EFS (tolterodine > oxybutynin > NNP = forskolin > HCT 1026 > 2111). The effects of forskolin, HCT 1026, NCX 2111 and SNP were paralleled by an increase in cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP. Our results provide evidence that the NO-cGMP pathway is not of utmost significance in the control of human detrusor smooth muscle. In vitro, the combination of NO-donating with anti-phlogistic activity does not seem to be of functional advantage with regard to the facilitation of detrusor relaxation.

[Longitudinal study of the blood protein concentration during normal pregnancy, at the time of delivery and on the 7th post-partum day]. / Longitudinaluntersuchungen der Serumeiweibbkonzentration wahrend der normalverlaufenden Schwangerschaft sowie zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt und am 7.Tag post partum

The concentration of serum protein was determined in 227 women during the 11th to 13th, 24th to 26th and 33rd to 35th week of pregnancy as well as immediately after delivery and on the 7th day post partum according to the Biuret method. A small but significant decrease of protein was observed during the second trimester of pregnancy (Ist Trimester x(-) = 7,57; IInd Trimester x(-) = 7,26 g/100 ml). The lowest values was found immediately after delivery (x(-) = 6,86). The mean concentration on the 7th day post partum was increased again (x(-) = 7,37). The values were compared with there of 190 non-pregnant women (x(-) = 7,57).

[Use of discrimination analysis in perinatology]. / Zur Anwendung der Diskriminanzanalyse in der Perinatologie

From 50 normal births blood of mother and child was examined simultaneously at three different times, meant for determination of 13 biochemical parameters. Evaluation of the measured values was done by the multivariate method of discriminance analysis. Basing on the observed data problems of discriminance analysis are dealt with in an introductive way. The perinatal example is used to demonstrate how in the case of a complex problem connections may be better visible by this method, though detailed informations are lost.

[A critical review of hypothetical causes of EPH-gestosis]. / Kritische Ubersicht über die Theorien der EPH-Gestose

The essential EPH-gestosis seems to have multiple aetiological factors and the disease develops already a long time before the appearance of the classical symptoms. The disturbed renal function is the main point among secondary pathological effects as the damaged placenta, the disseminated coagulation, the glomerular endotheliosis, the increased retention of water and sodium with increased arterial responsiveness. It may be that this reduced reversible renal function is of extra-renal origin. As predisposing factors were discussed the reduced uteroplacental circulation with the release of still unknown pressor substances or decreased inactivation of pressor amines, the uterorenal reflex mechanism, the disturbed homeostasis of the body fluids and the vegetativ-hypothalamic crisis etc. But other factors may also be participate on this disease as immunological and hormonal aspects, especially the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-system and prostaglandins. To find out the aetiological factors we should examine the disease at the beginning in comparison with normal pregnancy. These factors must explain why the true EPH-gestosis appears mainly during the first pregnancy and frequently in twins and so on.

[Behavior of serum alkaline during pregnancy. II. Pathological pregnancy]. / Zum Verhalten der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum während der Gravidität. II. Pathologische Schwangerschaft

832 estimations of heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) and of heat alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) were carried out simultaneously in late pregnant women at 25th to the 42nd weeks of pregnancy. 147 of them delivered children with normal birth-weight. All these women suffered from pre-eclampsia, hypertension or any kind of superimposed pre-eclampsia. 110 other pregnant women with or without symptoms of pre-eclampsia gave birth to small for dates babies. In addition, the values of these patients were compared with 372 estimations of the same enzymes carried out in 120 patients with normal pregnancy and outcome of normal weighted children. The site of the values of every group showed no typical correlation to the course and outcome of their pregnancy. Regarding four special criterions it was possible to give a good prediction by serial determinations for the weight of the newborn in 80 per cent of the cases. A correlation between the urinary excretion of total oestrogens as well as HLAP and the values of HSAP was to be found only in some groups of patients.

On the influence of prostaglandin F2alpha-induced labor at term on the metabolism and coagulation of mother and fetus.

11 pregnancies at term were terminated by dilatation of the uterine cervix, low amniotomy, and by intravenous administration of PGF2alpha. The average infusion time was 3 hours 55 minutes, and the average total dose of PGF2alpha amounted to 2.0 mg. Parameters of acid-base changes, carbohydrate and energic state changes, gas metabolism, and changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in mother and in fetus were analyzed during labor and after birth. Labor activity and fetal cardiac action were monitored cardiotocographically. Checked against 50 uncomplicated spontaneous deliveries, we found no disadvantageous changes in the parameters investigated.

[The action of prostaglandin E2-induced pains on the metabolic and clotting systems of mother and child during birth (author's transl)]. / Die Einwirkung von Prostaglandin E2-induzierten Wehen auf das Stoffwechsel- und Gerinnungssystem von Mutter und Kind intra partum

11 pregnancies at term were terminated by dilatation of the uterine cervix, low amniotomy, and by intravenous administration of PGE2. The average infusion time was 4 hours 20 minutes, and the average total dose of PGE2 amounted to 0.2 mg. Parameters of acid-base changes, carbohydrate and energic state changes, gas metabolism, and changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in mother and in fetus were analysed during labor and after birth. Labor activity and fetal cardiac action were monitored cardiotocographically. Checked against 50 uncomplicated spontaneous deliveries, we have found no disadvantageous changes in the parameters investigated.

[Behavior of alkaline phosphatase in serum during pregnancy. I. Normal pregnancy]. / Zum Verhalten der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum während der Gravität. I. Normale Schwangerschaft

On 120 patients, during normal pregnancy, from the 17th to the 42nd week of pregnancy, 372 heat labile alkaline phosphatase estimations were carried out by means of the 4-nitrophenol method. In addition to that, after incubation of sera at 65 degrees C for 30 minutes, the activity of the heat stable placental isoenzyme was checked. With progressing pregnancy, the heat stable fraction rises significantly and the heat labile fraction of total alkaline phosphatase increases slightly. There is a correlation between the readings of the two fractions. In 169 cases, the total urinary oestrogen output correlates also with the heat stable alkaline phosphatase.

[Influence of labor induced by prostaglandins on the metabolism and blood coagulation system of the mother and child during labor]. / Einfluss prostaglandininduzierter Wehen auf den Stoffwechsel und das Gerinnungssystem von Mutter und Kind unter der Geburt

22 pregnancies at term were terminated by dilatation of the uterine cervix, low amniotomy, and by intravenous administration of PGF2alpha or PGE2. The average infusion time was 4 hours 10 minutes, and the average total dose of PGF2alpha amounted to 2,0 mg and of PGE2 0,2 mg. Parameters of acid-base changes, carbohydrate and energic state changes, gas metabolism, and changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in mother and in fetus were analyzed during labor and after birth. Labor activity and fetal cardiac action were monitored cardiotocographically. Checked against 50, and for the coagulation 12 uncomplicated spontaneous deliveries, we have found no disadvantageous changes in the parameters investigated.