Nanomechanical properties of kidney stones, gallstones and oral stones compared with tap water scale by depth sensing indentation.

This article focuses on a description of research performed to identify structural and mechanical properties differences between calculi in stones, such as gallstones, kidney stones, dental tartar, and saliva gland sialolite, were analyzed and compared with tap water stone, in order to set interrelations. In this study, biological hard pebble-like structures were analyzed and compared among them using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In addition, Nanoindentation was used to obtain values as example in kidney stones the in; stiffness S = 27,827 ± 620 N/nm elastic modulus E = 27.3 ± 4.5 GPa, hardness H = 1.5 ± 0.5 GPa. Samples with the highest amounts of calcium and magnesium oxides were; Tap water stone (39.60%), followed by dental tartar (39.40%), saliva gland sialolite (29.20%), kidney stones (27.70%), and lastly the gallstones (0.30%). Kidney stones showed in particular, whewellite and kaoulinite crystallographic phases, that confers characteristics of greater crystallization with respect to the other stones. Kidney stones positioned in the major hardness stone in human body with 1.5 GPa. In general, samples with the highest amount of calcium oxides, also showed the highest mechanical properties of H and E. Microstructural characteristics and nano-hardness of tap water stone from drinking water where similar to those of dental tartar and saliva gland sialolite, more research still required to associate health concerns and tap water scale derived from drinking water known as hardwater.

Comparative Evaluation of Bond Strength of Self-Etching and Total Etch Dental Adhesive Systems to Dentin of Deciduous and Permanent Teeth / Evaluación Comparativa de la Fuerza de Unión de los Sistemas de Adhesivo Dental Autograbado y Grabado Total para la Dentina de Dientes Deciduos y Permanentes

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the bond strength of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems to dentin of primary and permanent teeth. Methods: Thirty sound naturally exfoliated primary molars deciduous teeth (DT) and thirty sound permanent bicuspids permanent teeth (PT) were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 per group) according to two commercial adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE (Total-etch) and Adper Easy Bond; 3M ESPE (selfetch and total-etch). Specimens submitted to cyclic loading in a universal Instron testing machine. Bond strength values (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA test and Duncan post hoc test (a=0.05). Results: Mean values were higher in PT compared to DT. In deciduous teeth, no significantly differences observed. Total etch AdperTM Single Bond 2 showed significantly higher bond strength than self-etch AdperTM with additional acid etching in PT (p=0.031). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the highest bond strength was found in dentin tissue of PT with total etch AdperTM employing the adhesive the Single Bond 2 of one step self-etch.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fuerza de unión de los sistemas adhesivos de grabado total y autograbado a la dentina de los dientes primarios y permanentes. Métodos: treinta sonidos exfoliaron naturalmente los molares primarios dientes caducifolios (DT) y treinta sonidos. Los dientes permanentes de los premolares permanentes (PT) se dividieron aleatoriamente en seis grupos (n = 10 por grupo) de acuerdo con dos sistemas adhesivos comerciales: Adper Single Bond 2; 3M ESPE (Grabado total) y Adper Easy Bond; 3M ESPE (autograbado y grabado total). Muestras sometidas a carga cíclica en una máquina universal de pruebas Instron. Los valores de resistencia de la unión (MPa) se analizaron mediante la prueba ANOVA y la prueba post hoc de Duncan (a = 0.05). Resultados: Los valores medios fueron mayores en PT en comparación con DT. En dientes deciduos, no se observaron diferencias significativas. Total etch AdperTM Single Bond 2 mostró una fuerza de unión significativamente mayor que la autograbado AdperTM con grabado ácido adicional en PT (p = 0.031). Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la mayor fuerza de unión se encontró en el tejido de dentina de PT con grabado total AdperTM empleando el adhesivo Single Bond 2 de autograbado de un solo paso.

Attention to rhotacism language problem by oral surgery and vibrostimulatory therapy: a case report / Tratamiento para el problema del lenguaje de rotacismo mediante cirugía oral y terapia vibroestimulatoria: reporte de un caso

Ankyloglossia may prevent the tongue from contacting the anterior palate, which promotes an infantile swallow and hamper the progression to an adult-like swallow. This can result in an open bite deformity and in some cases it can be associated to mandibular prognathism and language problems like rhotacism, described as the inability or difficulty in pronouncing the sound / r /. The surgical cut of the frenum tissue that connects the tongue to the jawbone (frenulectomy) and the language rehabilitation treatment with functional oral devices, represent an alternative treatment for this problem. An 11-year-old boy reported with language performance problems, dental malposition and diagnostic of ankyloglossia condition, received frenulectomy surgery and language rehabilitation treatment with functional oral devices during six months. Language diagnosis was carried out in three periods of time: prior to the surgery, four weeks after the surgery and six months later. Combined surgical and functional therapies proved to be a better alternative than only surgical therapy. Combined therapies increased the speech abilities as well as swallowing functions, therefore, the patient's self-esteem.

La anquiloglosia puede evitar que la lengua entre en contacto con la región anterior del paladar, lo que promueve una deglución infantil y dificultan la adecuada deglusión en el adulto. Esto también puede dar lugar a una mordida abierta y en algunos casos, estar asociada con prognatismo mandibular y problemas de lenguaje como el rotacismo, que se describen como la incapacidad o dificultad para pronunciar el sonido / r /. La exsición quirúrgica del tejido que conecta frenillo de la lengua a la mandíbula (frenectomía) y el tratamiento rehabilitador del lenguaje con dispositivos orales funcionales, representan una alternativa de tratamiento para este problema. Un niño de 11 años de edad, con problemas de lenguaje, malposición dental y diagnóstico de anquiloglosia, fue sometido a frenectomía y tratamiento de rehabilitación dellenguaje mediante dispositivos orales funcionales durante seis meses. El diagnóstico del lenguaje se llevó a cabo en tres periodos de tiempo: antes de la cirugía, cuatro semanas después de la cirugía y seis meses más tarde. La combinación de tratamiento quirúrgico y funcionales demostraron ser una alternativa mejor que la terapia quirúrgica por sí sola. Las terapias combinadas aumentaron la capacidad del habla, así como funciones de deglución, por lo tanto, la autoestima del paciente.

Al(2)O(3(w))-Al(2)O(3(n))-ZrO(2) (TZ-3Y)(n) multi-scale nanocomposite: an alternative for different dental applications?

The influence of the addition of Al(2)O(3) whiskers (2.5wt.% up to 30wt.%) on Vickers hardness and fracture toughness in an Al(2)O(3(n))+ZrO(2) (TZ-3Y)(n) (90, 80 and 70wt.%) composite was investigated. Green compacts were obtained by uniaxial pressing at 50MPa and pressureless sintering at 1500 degrees C in air for 2h. After sintering, relative densities ranging from 75% to 97% were reached. The whiskers resisted particle rearrangement owing to the extensive sliding distances along the whisker boundaries during sintering and the high length/diameter ratios. Sintering becomes more difficult with increasing whisker content, because whiskers come into contact with each other, forming a rigid network which hinders densification. The 2.5wt.% Al(2)O(3) whiskers+27.5wt.% Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles+70wt.% TZ-3Y composite showed a hardness>13GPa and a maximum fracture toughness of 6.9MPam(-1/2), with an average grain size of 0.4+/-0.17microm. The observed crack deflection was an important mechanism in the improved fracture toughness of the composite. In addition, the grain size and residual porosity also seem to be factors in obtaining a wide range of hardness as well as fracture toughness by varying the Al(2)O(3) whiskers and ZrO(2) (TZ-3Y) content. The use of alumina-whisker-reinforced composites in dental applications could be promising for increasing hardness and fracture toughness compared with other materials. The reported values for these composites can compete with those of commercially available materials in different dental applications.