[Incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia in 6 regions of Russia according to the data of the 2009-2012 population-based study].

AIM: To assess the main epidemiological characteristics of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the Russian Federation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A planned epidemiological prospective study was conducted in 2009-2012 in 6 Russian regions with the total number of 10.1 million inhabitants, which notified all new CML cases. RESULTS: The unstandardized (unnormalized, baseline) recorded incidence of CML in the examined regions was 0.58 per 100,000 annually. Its standardized (normalized) incidence was 0.70 for the WHO standard population and 0.72 for the European standard population. The regional variations in the incidence were 0.44 to 0.69. The structural analysis of the incidence in the age strata indicated that the overall morbidity was less due to the decreased rate of registration in old age groups. The morbidity rates in patients aged less than 60 years were nearly similar to the European rates; those in patients aged over 70 years were almost 10 times lower. The lower rate of detection and screening diagnosis of CML in pensioners in primary health care is discussed. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study may serve as the starting point for monitoring the CML epidemiological situation.

[The multiabberant cells in groups of people exposed to radiation due to different situations and their possible biological part].

The results of the analysis of multiaberrant cells (MAC) obtained in the course of long-term investigation of cytogenetic effects in human peripheral blood lymphocytes are presented. MAC were discovered in different groups of the population exposed to the radiation factor. No such cells were found in the control groups. The greatest number of MAC "carriers" was registered among employees of radiochemical plants who had contacts with plutonium salts. The highest frequency of MAC (2.49 +/- 0.59 per 1000 cells) was also revealed in the same group. It exceeded by an order of magnitude the analogous values in other examined groups. In the groups of radiochemical workers, cosmonauts, and miners from Tselinograd the frequency of dicentrics and centric rings was also the highest as compared to that in other groups. The character of chromosome aberrations observed in MAC suggests that they are formed under the action of the radiation factor, and their frequency among different groups of people exposed to radiation makes it possible to assume that the formation of MAC is a result of the action on lymphocytes of alpha-particles emitted by radionuclides incorporated in the organism. Classical MAC was observed in routine studies (FPG staining) are only an extreme manifestation of cell damage. To elucidate the true picture of chromosome rearrangements induced by radiation and the role of MAC in the tumor process, it is necessary to use methodical potentialities of modern molecular cytogenetics, including the FISH method.

[Study of the time course of mixed chimerism by fluorescent in situ hybridization in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after allogenic transplantation of bone marrow]. / Izuchenie dinamiki smeshannogo khimerizma metodom fliuorestsentnoi gibridizatsii in situ u bol'nykh khronicheskim mieloleikozom posle allogennoi transplantatsii kostnogo mozga.

AIM: To determine the type of chimerism in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in various periods after allogenic transplantation of bone marrow (TBM) and its association with subsequent relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients were examined after allogenic TBM, which was performed during the chronic phase of CML in 9 patients and during acceleration phase in 1. Two patients received therapy with donor lymphocytes during relapse after transplantation. Time course of chimerism and minimum residual illness was studied by standard cytogenetic methods, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes to centromer sites of X and Y chromosomes and BCR and ABL genes. The studies were carried out 30, 60, 90, 180 days, 9 months, 1 year, and then every 6 months after transplantation. RESULTS: Mixed chimerism was observed in all patients during 9 months after TBM. The count of host cells was 0.1-5.8% in 8 patients; later the count of autologous cells was less than 1% in 5 patients, and in 3 patients complete donor chimerism was observed. Clinical hematological remission was stable in these patients. Relapses of leukemia with 40 and 83.1% host cells occurred in 2 patients 13 and 23 months after transplantation, respectively. Donor lymphocytes were transfused in order to induce the graft versus host effect, and in patient No. 2 restoration of donor hemopoiesis was attained. CONCLUSION: Highly sensitive FISH method with DNA probe to centromer sites of X and Y chromosomes detects early relapse of the disease and demonstrates the time course of donor hemopoiesis recovery after transfusion of donor lymphocytes. The data indicate that 9 months after transplantation molecular cytogenetic studies should be carried out more often (once a month), particularly in patients with poor prognosis, for earlier detection of the relapse and beginning of immunotherapy.

Postmitotic reconstruction of nucleoli in culture cells with UV-microbeam photoinactivated centrosome.

Ultraviolet microirradiation of one of the poles of the mitotic spindle of PK cells was performed 1 min after the onset of the anaphase. Formation of the nucleolus in the telophase and G1 period was studied by vital observation, electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against B23 protein. Sister cells with nonirradiated centrosomes and cells with partially irradiated cytoplasm were used as controls. During the first hour after the anaphase, the nuclei in both sister cells were identical and contained numerous small dense particles with granular ultrastructure. B23 protein detected in the mitotic poles and at the chromosome surface in the anaphase was dispersed in the cytoplasm in both cells in the early G1 period. Later, control cells did not display any difference from intact cells: nucleoli of a typical structure were formed, B23 protein appeared in the karyoplasm and was then accumulated in the nucleoli and disappeared from the cytoplasm and karyoplasm. Nucleoli in cells with irradiated centrosomes did not achieve the normal size and contained a significantly lower amount of granular component. B23 protein was dispersed in the karyoplasm and was not accumulated in the nucleoli. Nucleoli in cells with irradiated centrosomes contained small dense particles for at least 24 h. Telophase cells where microtubule formation had been inhibited by nocodazole formed normal nucleoli. It shows that the effects observed in cells with irradiated centrosomes are not due to the absence of the microtubule radial system. We conclude that UV microirradiation of the mitotic centrosome disturbs the postmitotic reconstruction of nucleoli probably because of the photodestruction of B23 protein accumulated in the mitotic pole.

[The effect of ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of the centrosome on cellular behavior. IV. Synthetic activity, cell spreading and growth with an inactivated centrosome]. / Vliianie ul'trafioletovogo mikrooblucheniia tsentrosomy na povedenie kletok. IV. Sinteticheskaia aktivnost', rasplastyvanie i rost kletok s inaktivirovannoi tsentrosomoi.

One of the spindle poles of mitotic PK cells was irradiated with UV microbeam at anaphase. After irradiation, cell division completed with a minor delay and two daughter cells were spreading synchronously. Later on, cells with irradiated centrosomes slightly shrunk, while their sister cells enlarged normally. Sister cells entered S-phase, some of them undergoing mitosis. In the cells with irradiated centrosomes the formation of nucleoli was disturbed and numerous primary nucleoli remained for 50 h (the maximum time of observation). RNA synthesis in the cells with irradiated centrosomes was twice less than in the sister cells, with ribosomal RNA synthesis being suppressed predominantly. Cells with irradiated centrosomes did not enter S-phase for as long as 24 h. The same irradiation of a portion of cytoplasm outside the spindle performed during anaphase did not change the pattern behaviour in daughter cell. In is concluded that the centrosome regulates progression throughout the cell cycle, and that centrosome irradiation induces specific and irreversible damage of interphase cells.