ABSTRACT
Extracellular adenosine (ADO), present in high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), suppresses immune function via inhibition of T cell and NK cell activation. Intratumoral generation of ADO depends on the sequential catabolism of ATP by two ecto-nucleotidases, CD39 (ATP â AMP) and CD73 (AMP â ADO). Inhibition of CD73 eliminates a major pathway of ADO production in the TME and can reverse ADO-mediated immune suppression. Extensive interrogation of structure-activity relationships (SARs), structure-based drug design, and optimization of pharmacokinetic properties culminated in the discovery of AB680, a highly potent (Ki = 5 pM), reversible, and selective inhibitor of CD73. AB680 is further characterized by very low clearance and long half-lives across preclinical species, resulting in a PK profile suitable for long-acting parenteral administration. AB680 is currently being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials. Initial data show AB680 is well tolerated and exhibits a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for biweekly (Q2W) iv-administration in human.
Subject(s)
5'-Nucleotidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Drug Discovery/methods , Small Molecule Libraries/chemical synthesis , 5'-Nucleotidase/genetics , Animals , Binding Sites , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics , Haplorhini , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Mice , Models, Molecular , Protein Binding , Rats , Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacokinetics , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The first total synthesis of (±)-gelsenicine is reported. The synthetic route is highly efficient (13 steps), featuring (1) a pivotal metal-catalyzed isomerization/rearrangement process that forges the central core of the molecule and (2) two facile C-N bond-forming steps that establish the flanking heterocycles.
Subject(s)
Indole Alkaloids/chemical synthesis , Catalysis , Cyclization , IsomerismABSTRACT
A full account of our investigation of C-C bond migration in the cycloisomerization of oxygen-tethered 1,6-enynes is described. Under Pt(II) and/or Ir(I) catalysis, cyclic and acylic alkyl groups were found to undergo 1,2-shifts into metal carbenoid intermediates. Interestingly, this process does not appear to be driven by the release of ring strain, and thus provides access to large carbocyclic frameworks. The beneficial effect of CO on the Pt(II) and Ir(I) catalytic systems is also evaluated.
ABSTRACT
A C-C bond migration event during the cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes is described. Two different catalytic systems, iridium- or platinum-based, are able to induce this process. Alkyl migrations of larger rings and acyclic groups indicate that the reaction is not fully driven by the release of ring strain.
ABSTRACT
Enantiospecific cycloisomerizations of 1,6-enynes to form oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptene derivatives are described. Enantiospecificity is consistently high regardless of alkene or alkyne substitution, providing a general approach to greatly enantioenriched cyclopropanes. Additionally, a model for stereochemical transfer is proposed.
