An evaluation of the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation system (BIS-BAS) model of pain.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the behavioral inhibition and activation system (BIS-BAS) model of pain. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as a possible neurophysiological correlate of the BIS-BAS was also explored, as was the role of personality factors. RESEARCH METHOD: A cross-sectional study was completed at the University of (The University of Queensland). The sample was N = 69 adults with chronic low back pain. Self-report and data were collected as a part of a treatment outcome study. Correlational analyses were conducted between theorized BIS-BAS-related measures of cognitions (catastrophizing, control beliefs), emotion (depression, anxiety, happiness), and behavior (avoidance, engagement). Correlations and hierarchical regression were used to explore the association between these measures, pain intensity, personality factors, and FAA. RESULTS: As hypothesized, the correlations between the BIS and BAS measures were all negative and mostly significant (ps < .05). The BIS-related measures were significantly positively associated with each other and Neuroticism (ps <.01). The BAS-related measures were positively correlated with each other and Extraversion, with most of these associations statistically significant. While pain intensity was significantly associated with several BIS and BAS measures (ps < .05), FAA was not significantly associated with pain or any BIS-BAS domain. BAS-related measures were most strongly associated with pain intensity (ΔR² = .13). CONCLUSIONS: Few studies have concurrently investigated the intersection between brain state, pain-related variables and psychosocial factors. This is the first study to test these associations from the perspective of a BIS-BAS model of pain. The findings provide preliminary support for the central tenets of this framework. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotions affect the recognition of hand gestures.

The body is closely tied to the processing of social and emotional information. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship between emotions and social attitudes conveyed through gestures exists. Thus, we tested the effect of pro-social (i.e., happy face) and anti-social (i.e., angry face) emotional primes on the ability to detect socially relevant hand postures (i.e., pictures depicting an open/closed hand). In particular, participants were required to establish, as quickly as possible, if the test stimulus (i.e., a hand posture) was the same or different, compared to the reference stimulus (i.e., a hand posture) previously displayed in the computer screen. Results show that facial primes, displayed between the reference and the test stimuli, influence the recognition of hand postures, according to the social attitude implicitly related to the stimulus. We found that perception of pro-social (i.e., happy face) primes resulted in slower RTs in detecting the open hand posture as compared to the closed hand posture. Vice-versa, perception of the anti-social (i.e., angry face) prime resulted in slower RTs in detecting the closed hand posture compared to the open hand posture. These results suggest that the social attitude implicitly conveyed by the displayed stimuli might represent the conceptual link between emotions and gestures.