ABSTRACT
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This epithelial anion channel regulates the active transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across membranes. Mutations result in reduced surface expression of CFTR channels with impaired functionality. Correctors are small molecules that support the trafficking of CFTR to increase its membrane expression. Such correctors can have different mechanisms of action. Combinations may result in a further improved therapeutic benefit. We describe the identification and optimization of a new pyrazolol3,4-bl pyridine-6-carboxylic acid series with high potency and efficacy in rescuing CFTR from the cell surface. Investigations showed that carboxylic acid group replacement with acylsulfonamides and acylsulfonylureas improved ADMET and PK properties, leading to the discovery of the structurally novel co-corrector GLPG2737. The addition of GLPG2737 to the combination of the potentiator GLPG1837 and C1 corrector 4 led to an 8-fold increase in the F508del CFTR activity.
Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis , Humans , Cystic Fibrosis/genetics , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism , Mutation , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Carboxylic Acids/therapeutic use , Benzodioxoles/pharmacology , Aminopyridines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
GPR84 is a medium chain free fatty acid-binding G-protein-coupled receptor associated with inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. As the only reported antagonist of GPR84 (PBI-4050) that displays relatively low potency and selectivity, a clear need exists for an improved modulator. Structural optimization of GPR84 antagonist hit 1, identified through high-throughput screening, led to the identification of potent and selective GPR84 inhibitor GLPG1205 (36). Compared with the initial hit, 36 showed improved potency in a guanosine 5'-O-[γ-thio]triphosphate assay, exhibited metabolic stability, and lacked activity against phosphodiesterase-4. This novel pharmacological tool allowed investigation of the therapeutic potential of GPR84 inhibition. At once-daily doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, GLPG1205 reduced disease activity index score and neutrophil infiltration in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic inflammatory bowel disease model, with efficacy similar to positive-control compound sulfasalazine. The drug discovery steps leading to GLPG1205 identification, currently under phase II clinical investigation, are described herein.
Subject(s)
Drug Discovery/methods , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism , Acetates/chemistry , Acetates/pharmacology , Allosteric Regulation/drug effects , Allosteric Regulation/physiology , Animals , Caco-2 Cells , Cells, Cultured , Dogs , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Female , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
A Ag-catalyzed versatile and efficient access to 1H,1-arylisochromenes is reported. Starting from ortho-alkynylbenzaldehydes bearing various substitution patterns on the benzaldehyde and alkynyl units, the use of silver triflate (10 mol %) allowed a domino hydroarylation/cycloisomerization reaction process, leading to aryl-functionalized 1H-isochromene (>10 compounds, 80-98% yields). Notably, the reaction conditions were also compatible with benzaldehydes bearing an aliphatic-substituted alkynyl moiety with modest to good yields (34-88%, 10 compounds).
