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1.
Retina ; 36(6): 1153-61, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26562563

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the real-time visualization of vitreoretino-choroidal structures using full-depth imaging (FDI) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source (SS)-OCT. METHODS: Foveal scans using both FDI SD-OCT (Heidelberg Spectralis) and SS-OCT (Topcon Deep Range Imaging-OCT-1) were obtained in 40 normal eyes, 40 eyes with macular pathologies, and 40 eyes with glaucoma. Full-depth imaging SD-OCT images were obtained by manually enhancing the vitreoretinal interface first and then the choroid while averaging each OCT B-scan 100 times. Swept-source-OCT images were obtained by averaging each B-scan 96 times. After masking and randomly mixing the original OCT images, two independent physicians graded visualization of the premacular bursa, interdigitation zone line, and chorioscleral boundary, and also sharpness of choroidal structures. RESULTS: A real-time full-depth image of vitreoretino-choroidal structures was successfully achieved with FDI SD-OCT in 118 cases (98.3%) and with SS-OCT in 45 cases (37.5%, P < 0.001). Full-depth imaging SD-OCT imaging was superior to SS-OCT imaging in visualizing the anterior border of the premacular bursa in 109 eyes (90.8%), with average grading of 1.63 ± 0.53 for the FDI SD-OCT and 0.39 ± 0.52 for the SS-OCT (P < 0.001). Swept-source-OCT was similar to FDI SD-OCT in visualizing the chorioscleral boundary in 108 eyes (90.0%), with average grading of 1.81 ± 0.39 for the SS-OCT and 1.78 ± 0.38 for the FDI-OCT (P = 0.566). The visualization of the interdigitation zone line was identical in the 2 imaging instruments (P = 1.000). The sharpness of the choroidal structures was greater with SS-OCT than with FDI-OCT (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Manual double-enhancing FDI technique using SD-OCT provided a good compromise between vitreous and retinochoroidal structures visualization in real time during scanning procedure. In contrast, SS-OCT imaged well details of choroidal sublayers. Appropriate OCT technology and software should be selected according to its application in clinical settings.


Subject(s)
Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Glaucoma/diagnostic imaging , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence/instrumentation , Vitreous Body/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Computer Systems , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
2.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 100(6): 777-81, 2016 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26385093

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate patients' sensory phenomena, especially instrument visualisation, and their emotional reactions during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) under monitored anaesthesia care (MAC). METHODS: One hundred adults who underwent PPV under MAC plus peribulbar block were prospectively recruited on the day after surgery to complete a questionnaire about sensory phenomena and comfort. Anaesthetics used during surgery were correlated with visual phenomena and patient comfort. Surgeons were asked to predict patient intraoperative comfort and ability to hear. RESULTS: Of the 27% of patients who reported visual phenomena, lights (74%), colours (37%) and moving instruments (17%) were common. Instrument visualisation was not associated with any preoperative or intraoperative variables. Visual phenomena were neutrally received by 98% of patients. Neither the use of the intravenous medications during the peribulbar injection and surgery nor the type of local anaesthesia correlated with perceived level of pain. Sixty-six per cent of patients remembered hearing surgeons talk, and 96% of patients reacted neutrally to voices. Patient reports of intraoperative pain were similar to the surgeon's prediction, and mean discomfort during surgery was mild. CONCLUSIONS: The reported prevalence of intraoperative visual phenomena is low when elicited at the first postoperative visit. Surgeons can reliably predict patients' comfort, and most patients react neutrally to visual and hearing phenomena during PPV under MAC with peribulbar block. The combination of medications used may be responsible for the neutral reception of sensory phenomena.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Nerve Block/methods , Visual Perception/physiology , Vitrectomy/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Br J Ophthalmol ; 99(9): 1277-83, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25777818

ABSTRACT

AIM: To characterise the presence of a hyperautofluorescent (HAF) ring associated with choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) complex in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Fundus autofluorescence images and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from 362 eyes with wet AMD were reviewed. The presence and size of an HAF ring associated with the CNV complex was evaluated. A subgroup of 64 treatment-naive eyes with new-onset CNV was studied to analyse the relationship between pretreatment OCT characteristics and the presence of the HAF ring. RESULTS: An HAF ring was present in 38% of the entire cohort of eyes and in 39% of treatment-naive eyes. The presence of the HAF ring was significantly correlated with the extent of baseline subretinal fluid (SRF) on OCT (p=0.0113), the number of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections (p=0.0439) and the number of treatment cycles (p=0.0154). Eyes with an HAF ring were more likely to have disruption of the ellipsoid zone line once the SRF was resolved compared with eyes without an HAF ring (p=0.0002). In multivariate analysis, the best predictors for HAF ring were the baseline area of SRF (p=0.0449) and the number of anti-VEGF treatments received (p=0.0568). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly 40% of wet AMD eyes had an HAF ring. In treatment-naive eyes, the HAF ring had a significant association with SRF and was found as early as the baseline measurement and as long as 18 months after beginning treatment, persisting for up to 6 years after the initial diagnosis. Its association with baseline SRF and disruption of the ellipsoid zone line of the photoreceptors on OCT could indicate continuous stress on the outer retinal structures after exposure to prolonged SRF and/or transmitted autofluorescence from loss of the photoreceptors overlying the retinal pigment epithelium.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Choroidal Neovascularization/pathology , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bevacizumab , Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Subretinal Fluid , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity , Wet Macular Degeneration/complications
4.
Retina ; 35(1): 75-81, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25077534

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) response after 20-mg decanted intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide followed by early prophylactic IOP-lowering therapy. METHODS: Overall, IOP results of 120 high-dose decanted intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections from 58 nonglaucomatous patients with macular edema, with antiglaucoma therapy prescribed from Week 1 regardless of baseline IOP were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In cases of consistent compliance with IOP-lowering drugs (79.2%), IOP increased by 2 mmHg at 4 months (P = 0.300) and returned to baseline at 6 months. In cases of noncompliance (20.8%), IOP increased by 7 mmHg at 1 month (P < 0.001) and returned to baseline after starting treatment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that nonvitrectomized eyes and noncompliance with IOP-lowering drugs were independent predictors of increase in IOP greater than 21 mmHg (P = 0.0098 and P = 0.0019, respectively). Nonvitrectomized eyes had a 46% greater chance to experience increase in IOP compared with vitrectomized ones. Poor compliance with IOP-lowering drugs lead to a 45% greater likelihood of experiencing increase in IOP compared with compliant patients. Multiple injections were not associated with the increased risk for increase in IOP greater than 21 mmHg (P = 0.273). Of 120 cases, 2 eyes (1.7%) developed uncontrolled IOP and required glaucoma surgery by 4 months, with good final IOP outcome. CONCLUSION: Twenty milligram decanted intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide can be safely used to treat macular edema in nonglaucomatous patients; IOP elevation can be adequately controlled with prophylactic antiglaucoma drugs. Noncompliance with prophylactic therapy creates an early spike in IOP, and vitreous status can significantly impact increase in IOP. Compliance with IOP-lowering drugs should be stressed to patients receiving high-dose intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide especially in cases of nonvitrectomized eyes.


Subject(s)
Glaucoma/prevention & control , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Triamcinolone Acetonide/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tonometry, Ocular , Triamcinolone Acetonide/chemistry
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