Natural Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic ENR/PVC Composites as Potential Membrane Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review.

Membrane separation processes are prevalent in industrial wastewater treatment because they are more effective than conventional methods at addressing global water issues. Consequently, the ideal membranes with high mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, flux, permeability, porosity, and solute removal capacity must be prepared to aid in the separation process for wastewater treatment. Rubber-based membranes have shown the potential for high mechanical properties in water separation processes to date. In addition, the excellent sustainable practice of natural fibers has attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composite membranes to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. The incorporation of natural fiber in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filler and pore former agent enhances the mechanical properties, and high separation efficiency characteristics of membrane composites are discussed. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fabrication technique of porous membranes affected the membrane's structure, and the performance of wastewater treatment applications is reviewed.

A review of nanocellulose adsorptive membrane as multifunctional wastewater treatment.

Dyes, inorganic and organic solvents, heavy metals and oils represent a substantial danger to water supplies, which is a major global problem. Advanced research and development in the manufacture of green-adsorptive membranes as well as simple operation, high separation efficiency, low energy consumption, eco-friendly and affordable cost have led the way to the development of sophisticated treatments for water remediation. To date, nanocellulose has been extensively investigated as excellent biomaterials in membrane filtration due to their exceptional properties such as large specific surface area, anti-fouling behaviour, high aspect ratio, high thermal resistance, outstanding mechanical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility. The large surface area of nanocellulose contains a large number of free hydroxyl groups, which are easily modified and functionalized has been discussed. In addition, recent progresses in the application of modified nanocellulose for heavy metal removal, oily water separation and dye extractions are surveyed, since they are potentially useful as adsorbents in the filtration membrane to enhance its performance.

Pyrolysis of low density polyethylene waste in subcritical water optimized by response surface methodology.

Pyrolysis of low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste from local waste separation company in subcritical water was conducted to investigate the effect of reaction time, temperature, as well as the mass ratio of water to polymer on the liquid yield. The data obtained from the study were used to optimize the liquid yield using response surface methodology. The range of reaction temperature used was 162-338°C, while the reaction time ranged from 37 min to 143 min, and the ratio of water to polymer ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. It was found that pyrolysis of LDPE waste in subcritical water produced hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, while the liquid product contained alkanes and alkenes with 10-50 carbons atoms, as well as heptadecanone, dichloroacetic acid and heptadecyl ester. The optimized conditions were 152.3°C, reaction time of 1.2 min and ratio of water solution to polymer of 32.7, with the optimum liquid yield of 13.6 wt% and gases yield of 2.6 wt%.