ABSTRACT
During 2015-2018, seven schools in rural Vietnam experienced diphtheria outbreaks. Multilocus sequence types were the same within schools but differed between schools. Low vaccine coverage and crowded dormitories might have contributed to the outbreaks. Authorities should consider administering routine vaccinations and booster doses for students entering the school system.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/isolation & purification , Diphtheria/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Schools , Adolescent , Child , Child Health Services , Child, Preschool , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/genetics , Demography , Diphtheria/etiology , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Vaccination , Vietnam/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Mitochondrial genomes of five Laotian Rock Rat (Laonastes aenigmamus) samples from Vietnam and Laos were sequenced using an Illumina platform. After de novo assembly, 13 protein-coding genes and two rRNA (12S and 16S) of the five genomes were aligned and analyzed with those from other related species under maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Both methods revealed congruent tree topologies, which support two independently evolving clades of L. aenigmamus from Laos and Vietnam. The relaxed time calibration analysis showed that the two major lineages of the Laotian Rock Rat split about 8 million years ago, which was consistent with the results from previous studies using only cytochrome b sequences. Such a deep divergence time suggests the recognition of two rock rat species, but further nuclear DNA and morphological data are needed to solve the taxonomy of this taxon.
