Spontaneous thrombosis of a large unruptured intracranial aneurysm causing ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the parent artery: A case report and literature review.

Spontaneous thrombosis of an unruptured large or giant saccular intracranial aneurysm is a well-known phenomenon and can cause ischemic stroke (IS), which is a rare event. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of IS include distal embolic occlusion secondary to migration of the intra-aneurysmal thrombus, occlusion of the parent artery lumen caused by the retrograde extension of the aneurysmal thrombosis, external compression of the parent artery due to the increased aneurysmal mass effect. Among these, IS due to simultaneous thromboses of the aneurysm and its parent artery is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Herein, we present a case of a 18-year-old woman who suffered an acute IS, attribute to spontaneous complete thrombosis of an unruptured large saccular aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery with occlusion of the parent artery, and we review the literature simultaneously.

TG/HDL-C Ratio Is a Risk Factor Associated with CKD: Use in Assessing the Risk of Progression of CKD.

Background: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and the relationship between dyslipidemia and renal function in these patients remains controversial. Our objectives were to determine the triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), evaluate the correlation between TG/HDL-C and the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to MDRD in CKD patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 152 patients with CKD at the Endocrine Clinic, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Study subjects were medically examined and recorded information on the data collection form. Subjects were tested for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, urea, creatinine and albumin, urine creatinine, and eGFR according to the MDRD formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Results: The average age was 58.08 ± 15.69 years, and the overweight and obesity rate was 54%. Most patients had comorbidities, among which the most common diseases were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Among the subjects, 57.3% were CKD stage 3 patients, and ACR was in the range of 30−300 mg/g. According to the classification of CKD using GFR and ACR categories, 40.8% of patients were at very high risk. The average TG/HDL-C ratio was 5.09 ± 4.26. There was a medium negative correlation between TG/HDL-C and eGFR (R = 0.44, p < 0.01) and a weak positive correlation between TG/HDL-C and ACR (R = 0.34, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C ratio was a risk factor associated with CKD and was noticeable in monitoring and assessing the risk of progression of CKD.

Limit properties in the metric semi-linear space of picture fuzzy numbers.

The picture fuzzy set (PFS) just appeared in 2014 and was introduced by Cuong, which is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (Atanassov in Fuzzy Sets Syst 20(1):87-96, 1986) and fuzzy sets (Zadeh Inf Control 8(3):338-353, 1965). The picture fuzzy number (PFN) is an ordered value triple, including a membership degree, a neutral-membership degree, a non-membership degree, of a PFS. The PFN is a useful tool to study the problems that have uncertain information in real life. In this paper, the main aim is to develop basic foundations that can become tools for future research related to PFN and picture fuzzy calculus. We first establish a semi-linear space for PFNs by providing two new definitions of two basic operations, addition and scalar multiplication, such that the set of PFNs together with these two operations can form a semi-linear space. Moreover, we also provide some important properties and concepts such as metrics, order relations between two PFNs, geometric difference, multiplication of two PFNs. Next, we introduce picture fuzzy functions with a real domain that is also known as picture fuzzy functions with time-varying values, called geometric picture fuzzy function (GPFFs). In this framework, we give definitions about the limit of GPFFs and sequences of PFN. The important limit properties are also presented in detail. Finally, we prove that the metric semi-linear space of PFNs is complete, which is an important property in the classical mathematical analysis.

Anatomical Positions of Mesially/Horizontally Impacted Mandibular Third Molars are Significant Predictors for Distal Caries in Adjacent Second Molars.

Background: Prevalence of distal caries in mandibular second molars (M2Ms) and its relationship with impacted condition of the adjacent mandibular third molars (M3Ms) have been reported in some studies. The results, however, were ambiguous because of including all impaction types and using univariate analysis for statistics. Aim: This study aimed to determine anatomical features of mesially/horizontally impacted mandibular third molars (M3Ms) that could predict distal caries in the adjacent mandibular second molars (M2Ms) using multivariable analysis. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 digital panoramic radiographs of patients who underwent impacted M3Ms extraction. Two independent researchers collected the following variables from 446 pairs of M2M-M3M: sex, age, status of distal caries in M2Ms, mesial angulation, and Pell-Gregory classification of M3Ms. Results: The prevalence of distal caries was 50.67%. Multivariable Firth's logistic regression analysis showed that age (ß = 0.066, 95% CI = 0.023-0.113), mesial angulation (<30°: ß = -1.205, 95% CI = -1.955 to -0.499; >70°: ß = -0.730, 95% CI = -1.184 to -0.282), vertical position (level B: ß = 2.275; 95% CI = 0.015-7.175; level A: ß = 3.008; 95% CI = 0.755-7.905), and horizontal position (level II: ß = 1.515; 95% CI = 0.444-2.874; level I: ß = 1.423; 95% CI = 0.283-2.825) were significant variables after adjusting for sex in the final model for predicting distal caries (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, anatomical positions of impacted M3Ms, such as mesial angulation and Pell-Gregory classification were significant predictors of distal caries in M2Ms.

Understanding Malicious Accounts in Online Political Discussions: A Multilayer Network Approach.

Online social media platforms play an important role in political communication where users can freely express and exchange their political opinion. Political entities have leveraged social media platforms as essential channels to disseminate information, interact with voters, and even influence public opinion. For this purpose, some organizations may create one or more accounts to join online political discussions. Using these accounts, they could promote candidates and attack competitors. To avoid such misleading speeches and improve the transparency of the online society, spotting such malicious accounts and understanding their behaviors are crucial issues. In this paper, we aim to use network-based analysis to sense influential human-operated malicious accounts who attempt to manipulate public opinion on political discussion forums. To this end, we collected the election-related articles and malicious accounts from the prominent Taiwan discussion forum spanning from 25 May 2018 to 11 January 2020 (the election day). We modeled the discussion network as a multilayer network and used various centrality measures to sense influential malicious accounts not only in a single-layer but also across different layers of the network. Moreover, community analysis was performed to discover prominent communities and their characteristics for each layer of the network. The results demonstrate that our proposed method can successfully identify several influential malicious accounts and prominent communities with apparent behavior differences from others.

COVID-19 pandemic and stock market response: A culture effect.

National culture has been shown to impact the way investors, firm managers, and other financial market participants respond to crisis. To date, however, none has looked at the impact of culture on market responses to disasters. This paper is the first to address the effect of national culture on stock market responses to a global health disaster. We find larger declines and greater volatilities for stock markets in countries with lower individualism and higher uncertainty avoidance during the first three weeks after a country's first COVID-19 case announcement. Our results are robust after controlling for investor fear, cumulative infected cases, the stringency of government response policies, the level of democracy, political corruption, and the 2003 SARS experience, among others.

Minor spliceosome inactivation causes microcephaly, owing to cell cycle defects and death of self-amplifying radial glial cells.

Mutation in minor spliceosome components is linked to the developmental disorder microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 (MOPD1). Here, we inactivated the minor spliceosome in the developing mouse cortex (pallium) by ablating Rnu11, which encodes the crucial minor spliceosome small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U11. Rnu11 conditional knockout mice were born with microcephaly, which was caused by the death of self-amplifying radial glial cells (RGCs), while intermediate progenitor cells and neurons were produced. RNA sequencing suggested that this cell death was mediated by upregulation of p53 (Trp53 - Mouse Genome Informatics) and DNA damage, which were both observed specifically in U11-null RGCs. Moreover, U11 loss caused elevated minor intron retention in genes regulating the cell cycle, which was consistent with fewer RGCs in S-phase and cytokinesis, alongside prolonged metaphase in RGCs. In all, we found that self-amplifying RGCs are the cell type most sensitive to loss of minor splicing. Together, these findings provide a potential explanation of how disruption of minor splicing might cause microcephaly in MOPD1.

Seroprevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in HIV-infected children in Vietnam.

A total of 89 blood samples collected from HIV-infected infants and children from provinces of southern Vietnam who were hospitalized at Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, during the 1-year period from October 2004 to September 2005 were submitted to serological screening for IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae). The presence of this microorganism was also evaluated by PCR. The results showed that 64 % of the samples were positive for anti-C. pneumoniae IgG, 31.5 % were positive for IgA, and 3.4 % were positive for IgM. The highest prevalences of IgG and IgA positivity, 75 % and 66.7 %, respectively, were noted in the 1- to 2-year-old age group. However, all the samples were negative for C. pneumoniae by PCR. The study revealed a high seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae in Vietnamese infants and children with HIV/AIDS.

Short communication: Drug resistance mutations in the HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes in antiretroviral-naive Vietnamese children.

Anti-HIV drugs have recently become available for the treatment of children infected with HIV in Vietnam; however, the genetic background of HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive children has yet to be studied. Of the 104 HIV-1 CRF01-AE subtype strains that were previously isolated from antiretroviral-naive children from the provinces of southern Vietnam and hospitalized in Children Hospital 1 in Ho Chi Minh City from 2004 to 2005, 79 strains were used for amplification and sequence analyses of the protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes. Minor mutations were found in the protease gene, including L10I, I13V, G16E, M36I, D60E, I62V, I64V, L63P, H69K, V82I, and I93L. Of these mutations, M36I and H69K were detected in all of the strains that were studied. However, all of the amino acid changes in the protease gene were considered to be polymorphisms. In the RT gene, three major mutations were detected in six strains: the V75M mutation in one strain, the Y181C mutation in two strains, and the M184I mutation in three strains. The prevalence of primary or transmitted HIV drug resistance to all of the drugs and drug classes that were evaluated in this study was 7.6%. These findings provide a useful background for antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam and contribute reference data for the surveillance of HIV drug resistance around the world. This study suggests that the prevalence of HIVDR in Vietnam may have recently increased. The monitoring of HIV drug resistance in Vietnam is necessary.