Synthesis of CS-Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite for adsorption of heavy metal in aqueous environment.

In this study, magnetic material based on graphene oxide (GO) was developed for enhanced adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The Fe3O4nanoparticles were combined with the GO material using a chitosan (CS) binder to obtain the CS-Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite. The adsorption capacity of this nanocomposite was evaluated by removing heavy metals including Ni2+ions. When GO was composed with Fe3O4and CS, the GO films were densely covered with ferromagnetic particles, which were bound and densely distributed on the GO film surface due to the interaction between GO and CS. The optimal conditions for the complexation of Ni2+and 4-(2-pyridyl azo)-rezoxine (PAR) are 1 ml Ni2+, 2 ml PAR 100 mg l-1,pH= 6 (adjusted with 0.7 ml of the 0.1 M K2HPO4solution) and a complexation time of 20 min. After 50 min of adsorption, the Ni2+removal efficiency of the CS-Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite reached 81.21% and the corresponding adsorption capacity was 2.03 mg g-1. The Ni2+removal process followed the first-order model and Freundlich isotherm. This process was spontaneous (ΔGo< 0) and an exothermic process (ΔHo= -1128.875 J·mol-1). In addition, the factors affecting this process were investigated, including thepHsolution, the dosage of the CS-Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite and the initial Ni2+concentration. The CS-Fe3O4/GO nanocomposite showed a potential adsorption capacity in removing Ni2+at low concentrations from wastewater.

A Comprehensive Study of Anomaly Detection Schemes in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning Algorithms.

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of a massive number of smart devices capable of data collection, storage, processing, and communication. The adoption of the IoT has brought about tremendous innovation opportunities in industries, homes, the environment, and businesses. However, the inherent vulnerabilities of the IoT have sparked concerns for wide adoption and applications. Unlike traditional information technology (I.T.) systems, the IoT environment is challenging to secure due to resource constraints, heterogeneity, and distributed nature of the smart devices. This makes it impossible to apply host-based prevention mechanisms such as anti-malware and anti-virus. These challenges and the nature of IoT applications call for a monitoring system such as anomaly detection both at device and network levels beyond the organisational boundary. This suggests an anomaly detection system is strongly positioned to secure IoT devices better than any other security mechanism. In this paper, we aim to provide an in-depth review of existing works in developing anomaly detection solutions using machine learning for protecting an IoT system. We also indicate that blockchain-based anomaly detection systems can collaboratively learn effective machine learning models to detect anomalies.

Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in vietnamese spontaneous adverse drug reaction database: A subgroup approach to disproportionality analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Despite the numerous studies investigating drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), the understanding and quantitative data in developing countries remain limited. The study aimed to describe and quantify the drug-related risk of SJS/TEN in a resource-limited context using the Vietnamese spontaneous reporting database (VSRD) of adverse drug reactions. METHODS: Spontaneous reports relating to medium- and late-onset severe cutaneous adverse reactions (MLOSCAR) and SJS/TEN recorded in the VSRD from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analysed. The demographic characteristics and drug information were described and compared between SJS/TEN and other MLOSCAR reports. The drug-induced SJS/TEN signals were estimated using subgrouped disproportionality analysis with calculation of the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The VSRD received 2,849 MLOSCAR reports, 136 of which focus on SJS/TEN over a 6-year period. About 60% of SJS/TEN patients were male, and the majority of them were adults (mean age 42.5 ± 22.9). Up to 91.8% of drugs induced SJS/TEN within 1-28 days, and 45% SJS/TEN cases were evaluated as life-threatening. Positive signals were generated with carbamazepine (n = 25, ROR [95% CI] = 11.99 [7.07-19.92]), allopurinol (n = 15, ROR [95% CI] = 4.2 [2.20-7.59]), traditional/herbal medicines (n = 7, ROR [95% CI] = 2.76 [1.12-5.86]), colchicine (n = 4, ROR [95% CI] = 6.22 [1.69-18.72]), valproic acid (n = 3, ROR [95% CI] = 8.71 [1.89-30.19]) and meloxicam (n = 3, ROR [95% CI] = 7.09 [1.55-24.29]), which are well known for SJS/TEN. Cefixime (n = 5, ROR [95% CI] = 3.34 [1.13-8.00]) and paracetamol (n = 22, ROR [95% CI] = 5.23 [3.10-8.49]) also generated positive signals despite their popularity in Vietnam. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This first Vietnamese population-based study has highlighted original characteristics and signals of drug-induced SJS/TEN, which are relatively consistent with other worldwide data and typical for a developing country.

Learning structure-property relationship in crystalline materials: A study of lanthanide-transition metal alloys.

We have developed a descriptor named Orbital Field Matrix (OFM) for representing material structures in datasets of multi-element materials. The descriptor is based on the information regarding atomic valence shell electrons and their coordination. In this work, we develop an extension of OFM called OFM1. We have shown that these descriptors are highly applicable in predicting the physical properties of materials and in providing insights on the materials space by mapping into a low embedded dimensional space. Our experiments with transition metal/lanthanide metal alloys show that the local magnetic moments and formation energies can be accurately reproduced using simple nearest-neighbor regression, thus confirming the relevance of our descriptors. Using kernel ridge regressions, we could accurately reproduce formation energies and local magnetic moments calculated based on first-principles, with mean absolute errors of 0.03 µB and 0.10 eV/atom, respectively. We show that meaningful low-dimensional representations can be extracted from the original descriptor using descriptive learning algorithms. Intuitive prehension on the materials space, qualitative evaluation on the similarities in local structures or crystalline materials, and inference in the designing of new materials by element substitution can be performed effectively based on these low-dimensional representations.

The first probable case of hereditary angioedema in Vietnam.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is rare disorder due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH) that are debilitating and may be life-threatening. HAE is a lack of consensus concerning diagnosis, therapy, and management, particularly in Vietnam. In this case report, we report a 40-year-old male patient with typical clinical symptoms and family history but he showed normal C4 level, and we could not measure C1q and C1-INH level. However, the diagnosis of HAE can be made based on typical clinical symptoms and the favorable prophylactic response to danazol treatment. Based on these findings, we suggest that he has type I HAE, although he showed normal C4 level.

study of side effect of glucocorticoid in asthma patients at Allergic - MDLS Department of Bach mai hospital

Retrospective study on 1026 patients with asthma at Bach Mai Hospital from 1 January 1998 to 31 January 2002. Among them, 69.4% were 21 to 50 years old, with no different in sex. Hospitalized rate was highest in annual November. Glucocorticoid was used in all these patients with common kinds as solu-medrol: 76.2%; prednisolone: 67.7%; depersolone: 44.3% và Pulmicort: 7.6%. Rate of complication related to glucocorticoids was 28.7%. There were 24 types of symptom, including high blood glucose (11.5%), hypokaliemia (9.45%), hypertension (3.45%), gastric ulcer (2.83%), Cushing syndrome (2.53%). 7 systems damaged were endocrine (27.54%), musculoskeletal (4.28%), skin and mucous membrane (3.19%), gastrointestinal (4.96%), cardiovascular (3.7%), nervous and sense organs. There were 10 kinds of diseases and syndroms related to glucocorticoid use: hypertension, gastric ulcer, Cushing syndrome, diabetes, ponosis, retarded development, urticaria, anapphylactic shock, cataract, metal disorders, secondary bacterial contamination

To study allergic dermatitis of in-patients at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1999-2003)

There were 52 patients (30 females and 22 males) suffered from allergic dermatitis admitted to at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1999-2003). The results showed that: Antibiotic use is main cause of alergic dermatitis, in which phenicol class related to most cases. There were 4 main symptoms of allergic dermatitis: itching, erythema, oedema and vesicle. Symptoms always happened lately. Glucocorticoids, antihistamins and vitamin C are main medications to treat patients with allergic dermatitis.

Studies on uticaris and quincke edema due to allergy of medications

Studies on uticaris and quincke edema due to allergy of medications at the ward of Allergology and clinical immunology of Bach mai hospital (1991-2000). Result showed that: almost medications are used in medical clinic can cause allergic reactions. There were 393 kinds of medication that caused allergic reaction on 375 patients. In 23 different groups of medication. Antibiotics were main cause (67.2%) of allergic reactions, Beta-lactam class is 60.6% in the antibiotic group. besides urticaria and Quincke edema, there are many other clinical symptoms of allery from 375 in-patients: fever, erythema, dermatitis, dispnea. Allergic reactions were happened early (before 24 hours). Elevated ESR, white blood cell are main changes of teast. It takes short time to treat allergic patients (7.9 to 5.6 days). Solution of Methyl-Prednisolon, Dimedrol, Ascorbic acid and glucose 5% are common medications to treat this patients. No death occurred in patients of urticaria and Qincke edema during study periof.

Study on allergic reactions of cosmetic products at Department of Allergology – Clinical Immunology and National Institute of Dermatology and Venerology in Bach Mai Hospital

Retrospective and cross-sectional study on 60 patients with cosmetic allergy treated at Department of Allergology – Clinical Immunology and National Institute of Dermatology and Venerology in Bach Mai Hospital between January 1992 and February 2004. Results: there are plentiful and diversified cosmetics caused allergic reactions with 30 types divided into 6 groups: skin care cream (33.3%), dye hair (20.0%), powder foundation, toilet soap, other creams (21.7%), and other cosmetics. Allergic reactions commonly occurred in females, with common clinical symptoms such as itching, erythema, prurigo, vesicle, infected vesicle, edema, etc. They were treated by corticosteroid, anti-histamine H1, antibiotics, solution infusion, vitamin and other drugs. There was no death or more serious allergic reactions.

Study on allergic reactions due to tubecular treatment medications for tubecular patients at the national hospital of tuberculosis and lung diseases (1998-2003)

Tuberculosis treatment-related allergic reactions are increasing. It influenced to therapy regimen for tubeculosis over our country. Objectives: (1) Make a list of tuberculosis treatments can cause allergic reactions. (2) Study on clinical symptoms of tuberculosis treatment allergy in tubeculosis patients. (3) Study on some of liver biochemical test. Subjects and method: 91 patients who had allergic reactions related to tuberculosis treatments presented between 1998 and 2003 in the National Hospital of Tubeculosis and Lung Diseases. Cross sectional survey and retrospective study. Results: There are 6 tuberculosis treatments related to allergic reactions: rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazynamid and RH; Rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol are main cause. Most of all allergic reations happened late (after 24 hours) in patients with lung tuberculosis treated by "formula I". Out of 7 signs of allergic reaction, 3 clinical symptoms happened most are erythema, prurigo and fever. Delayed type of allergy is main part. Erythema is the main clinical form. There were no changes in AST, ALT and total bilirubin on blood test. Conclusion: Tuberculosis treatment of "formula I" are main cause of allergic reactions with various clinical symptoms and it can damage liver cells.

Study on Stevens – Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Lyell syndrome (TEN) due to allergy of medication at the Department of Allergology and Clinical immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1997-2002)

Study on 98 patients with SJS and Lyell were treated at the Department of Allergology and Clinical immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1997-2002). SJS & TEN always occurred when patients used the ampicillin and antibiotics of beta-lactam family, carbamazepine and anti-convulsion drugs properly or not. The symptoms of SJS & TEN appeared late (1-7 days) with 9 common clinical symptoms such as mucous membrane ulcerations, erythema, bullas and fever, etc. SR, uremia, enzymes of liver cells and proteinuria went up, that were main changes in blood test and urine test of SJS & TEN patients. Treating time was long-lasting, for SJS was 14.298.83 days, for Lyell syndrome is 19.716.6 days, with 4 main drugs: methyl-prednisolon, dimedrol, glycerin borate, and 5% glucose solution. There was no dead at that time.

Study on allergic reactions due to specific for gout's treatment at the department of allergology and clinical immunology of Bach Mai hospital

Author studied 21 allergic patients due to specific for Gout'streatment from 1995 to 2001 at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai Hospital with method "cross- sectional surveys". Results showed that: - Allopurinol, colchicin and both go together are specific for Gout'streatment and It caused of. allergic reactions of 21 patients. - Main symptoms of allergic patients of specific for Gout'streatment were erythema, itching and fever The main clinical form is Erythrodermie; Allergic reations were mostly nappened late (after 24 hours); Elevated ESR, white blood cell, uremia, SGOT SGPT and proteinuria are main changes of tests. -It takes a long time to treat allergic patients (13,54 :t 10,17 days); Solution of methyl-prednisolon and dimedrol are common medications to treat this patients; No allergic patient is died due to the specific for Gout'streatment at The Departma

Adverse drug reactions of glucocorticoid to asthmatic patients at the department of allergology and clinical immunology in Bach Mai Hospital (1998-2002)

GC is wonderful drug to prevent and control bronchial asthma. Methods: 1026 inpatients with asthma presented at the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology were included in this study. Cross - sectional surveys and retrospective studies. Objectives: Study on situation of using GC of asthmatic patients. Describe adverse drug reactions of glucocorticoid to asthmatic in - patients at the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Results: All of 1026 patients used Gc. Prednisolon, solu - medrol, depersolon and pulmicort were most used medications. There were 295 asthmatic patients have side effects (28.75%) with 24 types of symptom, 15 diseases and syndromes are resulted: Cushing syndrome, gastric ulcer, diabetes, hypertension, ponosis, retarded development... Almost systemic organs of the patients were influenced negatively by Gc. It has relationship among the way to use, the time in used GC and adverse drug reactions of GC. Conclusions: GC caused many adverse drug reactions to asthmatic patients.

To investigate the causes and the clinical characteristics of iatrogenic allergy at the Department of allergy and clinical immunology in BachMai Hospital

At the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai Hospital in 1981-2003 year period, 1.728 patients with drug allergy and a controll group including 143 healthy students without allergic history were enrolled into study. Almost drug had been used in consultative clinic could make allergic reaction. 128 type of medicines could make diverse allergic reactions on 1.728 patients. Among 27 groups of medicine, antibiotics were the main caused with 72.4%. The main clinical symptoms of drug allergy in 615 inpatients were itchi, fever, dizzi, uncomfortable feeling and urticaria and some dangerous symdroms as Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndrome.

To study on some methods of diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic allergy at the Department of allergy and clinical immunology in BachMai Hospital

At the Department of Allergy and Clinical immunology of Bach Mai Hospital from the year 1981 – 2003, study was performed in vivo on 1.728 patients of drug allergy and a control group of 143 healthy students without allergic history. Results showed that the positive rate of mastocyte degenerative reaction was 81.2%, of the test of lymphocyte transformation was 76.2%, applicated skin test was 66.7%. The highly accurate test such as the total IgE quantification and the determination of the number of thrombocyte in the forth of T lymphocyte were recommended for complementing, the diagnosis and for minotring the treatment of drug allergy. Methyl-prednisolon, Dimedron, vitamin C and glucose solution were the main medication for allergic control. Patients with Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes required special cares such as for burn, preliminary good results were given for 100% of patients. Mean duration of the course of treatment got 9.6 6.8 days and for Stevens-Johnson syndrome 16.1  9.5 days.

Study on acute urticaria syndrome due to drug allergy of in-patient at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai Hospital (2001-2005)

The cross sectional study was conducted in 111 patients suffered from acute urticaria due to drug allergy at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai Hospital from January 2001 to May 2005. Results: these patients were allergic to 120 kinds of medications; antibiotic were the leading cause of the acute urticaria with 55.8%, among which beta lactam is the most common cause; then traditional medications with 15.8% … Patients often included 2 groups: <20 and 20-39 years (34.2%), women more than men (p<0.005). The rate of oral allergy accounted for 88.3%; 50.4% of patients had allergic history. Allergy to one kind of medication 91.9%. The duration of acute urticaria was from 1 to 24 hours (48.6%). Increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate occurred in 62.2% of patients. The duration of treatment was 6.57±3.56 days. The patients were treated with glucocorticoid and antihistamine, mainly methyl-prednisolon and dimedrol. 100% of patients recovered