The role of hormones in the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of delirium in ICU: The past, the present, and the future.

Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction. As one of the common psychiatric disorders in ICU, it can seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Hormones are important messenger substances found in the human body that help to regulate and maintain the function and metabolism of various tissues and organs. They are also one of the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice. Recent evidences suggest that aberrant swings in cortisol and non-cortisol hormones might induce severe cognitive impairment, eventually leading to delirium. However, the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of delirium still remains controversial. This article reviews the recent research on risk factors of delirium and the association between several types of hormones and cognitive dysfunction. These mechanisms are expected to offer novel ideas and clinical relevance for the treatment and prevention of delirium.

Risk factors and prediction model of sleep disturbance in patients with maintenance hemodialysis: A single center study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the risk factors and develop a prediction model of sleep disturbance in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: In this study, 193 MHD patients were enrolled and sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for sleep disturbance in MHD patients, including demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters, and that a prediction model was developed on the basis of risk factors by two-way stepwise regression. The final prediction model is displayed by nomogram and verified internally by bootstrap resampling procedure. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbance and severe sleep disturbance in MHD patients was 63.73 and 26.42%, respectively. Independent risk factors for sleep disturbance in MHD patients included higher 0.1*age (OR = 1.476, 95% CI: 1.103-1.975, P = 0.009), lower albumin (OR = 0.863, 95% CI: 0.771-0.965, P = 0.010), and lower 10*calcium levels (OR = 0.747, 95% CI: 0.615-0.907, P = 0.003). In addition, higher 0.1*age, lower albumin levels, and anxiety were independently associated with severe sleep disturbance in MHD patients. A risk prediction model of sleep disturbance in MHD patients showed that the concordance index after calibration is 0.736, and the calibration curve is approximately distributed along the reference line. Conclusions: Older age, lower albumin and calcium levels are higher risk factors of sleep disturbance in MHD, and the prediction model for the assessment of sleep disturbance in MHD patients has excellent discrimination and calibration.

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Problem Cannot Be Ignored in ICU. Comment on Inoue et al. Prevalence and Long-Term Prognosis of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome after Sepsis: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 5257.

Recently, we read with great interest the article by Inoue et al. [...].