CHES1 modulated tumorigenesis and senescence of pancreas cancer cells through repressing AKR1B10.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is characteristic by a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and gene mutations, conveys a dismal prognosis and low response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here, we found that checkpoint suppressor 1 (CHES1) served as a tumor repressor in PDAC and was associated with patient prognosis. Functional experiments indicated that CHES1 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of PDAC by modulating cellular senescence. To further identify the downstream factor of CHES1 in PDAC, label-free quantitative proteomics analysis was conducted, which showed that the oncogenic Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) was transcriptionally repressed by CHES1 in PDAC. And AKR1B10 facilitated the malignant activity and repressed senescent phenotype of PDAC cells. Moreover, pharmaceutical inhibition of AKR1B10 with Oleanolic acid (OA) significantly induced tumor regression and sensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine, and this combined therapy did not cause obvious side effects. Rescued experiments revealed that CHES1 regulated the tumorigenesis and gemcitabine sensitivity through AKR1B10-mediated senescence in PDAC. In summary, this study revealed that the CHES1/AKR1B10 axis modulated the progression and cellular senescence in PDAC, which might provide revenues for drug-targeting and senescence-inducing therapies for PDAC.

Determination of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in nutritional foods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on acid hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction.

This study presents a method based on acid transesterification and the purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantifying 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in nutritional foods. The fat was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with petroleum ether and diethyl ether after the sample was hydrolysed with ammonia. Then the extract was purified by a SPE cartridge filled with the aminopropyl sorbents. It was demonstrated that the optimal elution volume for 3-MCPDE, 2-MCPDE and GE greatly depended on the sample matrix and varied from 6 to 12 mL for four different kinds of food matrices. All three analytes in the sample solution could be fully collected in the first 10-12 mL of eluate. By this way, monoacylglycerols commonly present in the samples were fully removed. Therefore, the overestimation of GE quantification was effectively eliminated. The modified analytical procedure was fully validated in a single laboratory and has been recommended as a Chinese Food Safety National Standard. In addition, two derivatisation agents, heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and phenylboronic acid, were proved to be equivalent in method accuracy and precision for the quantification of three analytes.

Nuclear KRT19 is a transcriptional corepressor promoting histone deacetylation and liver tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epigenetic reprogramming and escape from terminal differentiation are poorly understood enabling characteristics of liver cancer. Keratin 19 (KRT19), classically known to form the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, is a marker of stemness and worse prognosis in liver cancer. This study aimed to address the functional roles of KRT19 in liver tumorigenesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Using multiplexed genome editing of hepatocytes in vivo, we demonstrated that KRT19 promoted liver tumorigenesis in mice. Cell fractionation revealed a previously unrecognized nuclear fraction of KRT19. Tandem affinity purification identified histone deacetylase 1 and REST corepressor 1, components of the corepressor of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex as KRT19-interacting proteins. KRT19 knockout markedly enhanced histone acetylation levels. Mechanistically, KRT19 promotes CoREST complex formation by enhancing histone deacetylase 1 and REST corepressor 1 interaction, thus increasing the deacetylase activity. ChIP-seq revealed hepatocyte-specific genes, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4A ), as direct targets of KRT19-CoREST. In addition, we identified forkhead box P4 as a direct activator of aberrant KRT19 expression in liver cancer. Furthermore, treatment of primary liver tumors and patient-derived xenografts in mice suggest that KRT19 expression has the potential to predict response to histone deacetylase 1 inhibitors especially in combination with lenvatinib. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that nuclear KRT19 acts as a transcriptional corepressor through promoting the deacetylase activity of the CoREST complex, resulting in dedifferentiation of liver cancer. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of KRT19 in directly shaping the epigenetic landscape in cancer.

Two new sesquiterpenoid glycoside compounds from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino.

Two new sesquiterpenoid glycosides, 8α (H)-eudesmane-1,3,11 (13)-triene-2-one -12-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) and dmetelisproside B (2), together with ten known compounds (3-12) were isolated from calyces of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PAF). Their structures were unambiguously elucidated through HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, and NMR spectral data. Compounds 1, 10, and 12 exhibited DPPH scavenging ability with IC50 values of 33.69 ± 6.65, 6.29 ± 0.06, and 25.66 ± 3.06 µM, respectively. Additionally, 10 and 12 demonstrated weak α-glucosidase inhibition activity with IC50 values of 250.9 ± 6.60 and 347.6 ± 2.48 µM, respectively.

Chemical components and against alzheimer's disease effects of the calyxes of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino.

Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PA), a traditional Chinese medicine, is utilised for treating dermatitis, sore throat, dysuria, and cough. This research aimed to identify the main constituents in the four extracted portions from the calyces of PA (PAC) utilising ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model was induced by D-galactose (D-gal) combined with aluminium chloride (AlCl3). Subsequent investigation into the underlying mechanisms involved behavioural and histopathological observations. The results demonstrated that four extracted portions of PAC (PACE) significantly enhanced memory and learning abilities in the Morris water maze. The concentrations of Aß, tau and p-tau in brain tissue exhibited a significant decrease relative to the model group. Moreover, the four PACE treatment groups increased the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, while concurrently reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In summary, the current study demonstrates that the four PACE formulations exhibit beneficial anti-AD properties, with the most pronounced efficacy observed in the EA group. Additionally, PAC shows potential in mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. This research lays a theoretical groundwork for the future clinical development and utilisation of PAC in treating AD.

A protein-based prognostic model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Construction and validation.

BACKGROUND: Probing relevant proteomic biomarkers may facilitate effective pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Here, we developed a protein-based prognostic model for PDAC by using relevant proteomic biomarkers data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS: We obtained PDAC's proteomic and clinical data from TCGA and used various analytical tools to identify differentially expressed proteins between normal and cancer tissues. We constructed our protein-based prognostic model and confirmed its accuracy using receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. We elucidated clinical factor-signature protein correlations by clinical correlation assessments and protein coexpression networks. We also used immunohistochemistry (protein expression assessment), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (protein role identification) and CIBERSORT (infiltrating immune cell distribution assessment). RESULTS: CIITA, BRAF_pS445, AR, YTHDF2, IGFBP2 and CDK1_pT14 were identified as PDAC-associated prognostic proteins. All risk scores calculated using our model provided 1-, 3-, 5-year survival probability at 70 % accuracy. The reliability of our model was validated by the GEO as well. In high- and low-risk groups, age, sex, T- and N- stage disparities were significant, and prognostic and coexpressed proteins correlated. PDAC tissues demonstrated significant CDK1_pT14 overexpression but significant BRAF_pS445, YTHDF2, and IGFBP2 underexpression. Downstream proteins of BRAF were validated by IHC. Low-risk tissues demonstrated more naïve B cells, eosinophils, activated NK cells and regulatory T cells, whereas high-risk tissues demonstrated more activated memory T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and resting NK cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our protein-based prognostic model for PDAC, along with six signature proteins, might aid in predicting PDAC prognosis and therapeutic targets.

SDH mutations, as potential predictor of chemotherapy prognosis in small cell lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and rapidly progressive malignant tumor characterized by a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment in clinical practice; however, reliable biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy outcomes are scarce. METHODS: In this study, 78 SCLC patients were stratified into "good" or "poor" prognosis cohorts based on their overall survival (OS) following surgery and chemotherapeutic treatment. Next-generation sequencing was employed to analyze the mutation status of 315 tumorigenesis-associated genes in tumor tissues obtained from the patients. The random forest (RF) method, validated by the support vector machine (SVM), was utilized to identify single nucleotide mutations (SNVs) with predictive power. To verify the prognosis effect of SNVs, samples from the cbioportal database were utilized. RESULTS: The SVM and RF methods confirmed that 20 genes positively contributed to prognosis prediction, displaying an area under the validation curve with a value of 0.89. In the corresponding OS analysis, all patients with SDH, STAT3 and PDCD1LG2 mutations were in the poor prognosis cohort (15/15, 100%). Analysis of public databases further confirms that SDH mutations are significantly associated with worse OS. CONCLUSION: Our results provide a potential stratification of chemotherapy prognosis in SCLC patients, and have certain guiding significance for subsequent precise targeted therapy.

[Development and application of a rapid gene manipulating toolbox for Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

Manipulation of genes, including knock-out or knock-in, replacement of gene elements (such as promoters), fusion with a fluorescent protein gene, and construction of in situ gene reporter, is required in most of the biotechnological laboratories. The widely used gene manipulating methods based on two-step allelic exchange are cumbersome in terms of constructing plasmids, transforming and screening. In addition, the efficiency of using this method for long fragment knockout is low. To simplify the process of gene manipulation, we constructed a minimized integrative vector pln2. When a gene needs to be inactivated, an internal fragment of the target gene (non-frameshift) is cloned into the pln2 plasmid. Once the single-crossover recombination between genome and the constructed plasmid occurs, the endogenous gene is segmented by the plasmid backbone and thus inactivated. We developed a toolbox based on pln2 that can be used for different genomic operation mentioned above. With the help of this toolbox, we successfully knocked out large fragments of 20-270 kb.

Tunable electronic and optical properties of MoTe2/InSe heterostructure via external electric field and strain engineering.

Based on first-principles calculation under density functional theory, the geometry, electronic and optical properties of the MoTe2/InSe heterojunction have been investigated. The results reveal that the MoTe2/InSe heterojunction has a typical type-Ⅱ band alignment and exhibits an indirect bandgap of 0.99 eV. In addition, the Z-scheme electron transport mechanism is capable of efficiently separating photogenerated carriers. The bandgap of the heterostructure changes regularly under applied electric field and exhibits a significant Giant Stark effect. Under an applied electric field of 0.5 V Å-1, the band alignment of the heterojunction shifts from type-Ⅱ to type-I. The application of strain produced comparable changes in the heterojunction. More importantly, the transition from semiconductor to metal is completed in the heterostructure under the applied electric field and strain. Furthermore, the MoTe2/InSe heterojunction retains the optical properties of two monolayers and produces greater light absorption on this basis, especially for UV light. The above results offer a theoretical basis for the application of MoTe2/InSe heterostructure in the next generation of photodetectors.

TRPM2 regulates cell cycle through the Ca2+-CaM-CaMKII signaling pathway to promote HCC.

BACKGROUND: HCC is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, was reported to be involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth recently. However, whether TRPM2 is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC remains unclear. Herein, we systematically elucidated the functional role of TRPM2 in HCC cell cycle regulation and proliferation. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We determine TRPM2 expression to be strongly upregulated in the tumor tissues of HCC patients and associated with a negative prognosis. TRPM2 is highly expressed in HCC cell lines Huh-7 and HepG2 cells, rather than in normal hepatocytes. Inhibition or silencing of TRPM2, or inhibition of the downstream Ca2+-CaM-CaMKII signaling pathway, significantly suppressed the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase, accompanied with reduced expression of G1/S checkpoint proteins. Importantly, inhibition or depletion of TRPM2 remarkably slowed down the growth of patient-derived xenografts and Huh-7 xenografts in mice. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that TRPM2 promotes HCC cell proliferation via activating the Ca2+-CaM-CaMKII signaling pathway to induce the expression of the key G1/S regulatory proteins and accelerate the cell cycle. This study provides compelling evidence of TRPM2 involvement in a previously unrecognized mechanism that drives HCC progression and demonstrates that TRPM2 is a potential target for HCC treatment.

Printable and Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Graphene -Oxide-Supported MoTe2 Nanosheets for Multifunctional Applications.

This study focuses on a novel humidity sensor composed of graphene-oxide (GO)-supported MoTe2 nanosheets. Conductive Ag electrodes were formed on PET substrates by inkjet printing. A thin film of GO-MoTe2 was deposited on the Ag electrode used for adsorbing humidity. The experiment's results demonstrate that MoTe2 are attached to GO nanosheets uniformly and tightly. The capacitive output of the sensors with various ratios of GO/MoTe2 has been tested for different levels of humidity (11.3-97.3%RH) at room temperature (25 °C). As a consequence, the obtained hybrid film exhibits superior sensitivity (94.12 pF/%RH). The structural integrity and interaction of different components were discussed to afford the prominent humidity sensitivity performance. Under the bending condition, the output curve of the sensor has no obvious fluctuation. This work provides a low-cost way to build flexible humidity sensors with high-performance in environmental monitoring and healthcare.

A new apparatus and the relevant method to retrieve IR spectra of solutes from the corresponding aqueous solutions.

An apparatus and relevant approach to obtaining IR spectra of solutes from the corresponding aqueous solution were developed. In the experiment, aqueous solutions were converted into aerosols using an ultrasonic or a pneumatic device. Subsequently, water in the nebulized solution is completely gasified under a high-speed flow and low vacuum environment. Via this process, the aqueous solution changes into a mixture of a solute or solutes and gaseous water, whose single-beam IR spectra are collected. Then, the newly developed RMF (retrieving moisture-free IR spectrum) method and the relevant approach described in our recent papers have been adopted to treat the resultant single-beam sample spectrum. As a result, the spectral contribution of the vibrational-rotational peaks of gaseous water can be removed or significantly attenuated, and IR spectra of solutes can be obtained. The approach shows an obvious advantage in retrieving the IR spectrum of volatile solutes from its aqueous solution. This capability is showcased by obtaining IR spectra of isopropanol and ethyl acetate successfully. IR spectra of these compounds can be retrieved even if the concentration of the solute is below 10 wt%. Moreover, atomization via ultrasonic/pneumatic methods offers a mild way to gasify solutes whose boiling points are remarkably higher than that of water. This advantage is manifested by acquiring IR spectra of 1-butanol and 1,2-propanediol in the gaseous phase under ambient conditions.

Therapeutic assessment of crystalloid fluid resuscitation in experimental military injury.

BACKGROUND: A significant part of blast injury is accompanied by hemorrhagic shock (BS), while research on its fluid resuscitation strategies have not been reported. Although blood products are usually recommended in most resuscitation cases, they are less available in certain conditions. To this end, here, we focused on a widely used and more accessible fluid type- crystalloid fluid, in BS treatment. METHODS: We conducted studies in rats comparing the therapeutic effects of 3 different crystalloid solutions at different time points after BS, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Generally, the survival rates gradually dropped along with the time when fluid resuscitation was given. RESULTS: Among different types of solution, the hypertonic saline (HS) group showed the highest survival rates. The lactated Ringer's solution (LR) only displayed lifesaving effect at 0.5h resuscitation time point. Moreover, it is worth noting that the survival rates of the normal saline (NS) group at all the time points were lower than the non-treatment control. Mechanism study in rats indicated that the therapeutic differences may be caused by varied degrees of pulmonary edema and inflammatory responses under different crystalloid fluid resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we assessed the effects and investigated the mechanisms of different crystalloid fluid resuscitation strategies for BS for the first time, which potentially contributes to the establishment of guidance for crystalloid fluid resuscitation of BS patients.

The apatinib and pemetrexed combination has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects against NSCLC.

Chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the first treatment choice. Angiogenesis inhibitors are effective for lung cancer treatment. This study explored whether chemotherapy combined with angiogenesis inhibitors could achieve better efficacy in NSCLC. The zebrafish A549 xenograft model was used to investigate the combined effect of apatinib and chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC. Apatinib combined with pemetrexed demonstrated the highest antitumor effect compared with apatinib combined with gemcitabine or paclitaxel in vitro. In the zebrafish A549 xenograft model, apatinib and pemetrexed, alone or in combination, showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Co-treatment with apatinib and pemetrexed demonstrated the best antitumor effects, suggesting that the combination of apatinib and pemetrexed might be a promising alternative therapy for patients with lung cancer. Apatinib combined with pemetrexed had enhanced antitumor effects compared with either one alone in the zebrafish model of NSCLC.

The application of post-denitrification fixed biofilm reactor for polishing secondary effluent: Nitrate removal, soluble microbial products and micropollutants biotransformation.

This study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the role of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on simultaneous removal of nitrate and micropollutants (MPs) in secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants in post-denitrification fixed biofilm reactor (PDFBR). Results showed that PDFBR was favorable for nitrate removal (above 94%). Prolonged HRT promoted the bio-utilization of nonaromatic soluble microbial products with low molecular weight and reduced biomass production. MPs was partially removed in PDFBRs (below 48%). Microbial diversity increased along the extending of HRT and thus partially enhanced MPs removal. Batch experiments showed that changing HRT had no direct impact on the biodegradation rates of the selected MPs. Correlation analysis revealed that Dechloromonas, Terrimonas, and Phreatobacter were reasonable for simultaneous removal of MPs and nitrate. The abundance of nosZ gene had a rapid decrease under extreme HRT. This study provides insights into polishing nitrate and MPs from secondary effluent in a denitrifying biofilm system.

AIDmut-Seq: a Three-Step Method for Detecting Protein-DNA Binding Specificity.

Transcriptional factors (TFs) and their regulons make up the gene regulatory networks. Here, we developed a method based on TF-directed activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mutagenesis in combination with genome sequencing, called AIDmut-Seq, to detect TF targets on the genome. AIDmut-Seq involves only three simple steps, including the expression of the AID-TF fusion protein, whole-genome sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling, making it easy for junior and interdisciplinary researchers to use. Using AIDmut-Seq for the major quorum sensing regulator LasR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we confirmed that a few TF-guided C-T (or G-A) conversions occurred near their binding boxes on the genome, and a number of previously characterized and uncharacterized LasR-binding sites were detected. Further verification of AIDmut-Seq using various transcriptional regulators demonstrated its high efficiency for most transcriptional activators (FleQ, ErdR, GacA, ExsA). We confirmed the binding of LasR, FleQ, and ErdR to 100%, 50%, and 86% of their newly identified promoters by using in vitro protein-DNA binding assay. And real-time RT-PCR data validated the intracellular activity of these TFs to regulate the transcription of those newly found target promoters. However, AIDmut-Seq exhibited low efficiency for some small transcriptional repressors such as RsaL and AmrZ, with possible reasons involving fusion-induced TF dysfunction as well as low transcription rates of target promoters. Although there are false-positive and false-negative results in the AIDmut-Seq data, preliminary results have demonstrated the value of AIDmut-Seq to act as a complementary tool for existing methods. IMPORTANCE Protein-DNA interactions (PDI) play a central role in gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, current techniques for studying genome-wide PDI usually involve complex experimental procedures, which prevent their broad use by scientific researchers. In this study, we provide a in vivo method called AIDmut-Seq. AIDmut-Seq involves only three simple steps that are easy to operate for researchers with basic skills in molecular biology. The efficiency of AIDmut-Seq was tested and confirmed using multiple transcription factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although there are still some defects regarding false-positive and false-negative results, AIDmut-Seq will be a good choice in the early stage of PDI study.

Global fast non-singular terminal sliding-mode control for high-speed nanopositioning.

This paper presents a new Global Fast Non-singular Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (GFNTSMC) that delivers high-precision tracking of high-frequency trajectories when applied to a piezo-driven nanopositioner. The control scheme is realized by combing inverse hysteresis model and global fast non-singular terminal sliding mode compensation. The inverse Bouc-Wen hysteresis model is used to calculate the required hysteresis-compensating feedforward control voltage according to the reference signal. The key uniqueness of the proposed control strategy is it's red global fast convergence, achieved with high accuracy and high bandwidth. The stability of the reported GFNTSMC controller is proved with the Lyapunov theory. Its performance is verified through experimentally recorded tracking results, and its superiority over three benchmark control approaches, namely the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), the Positive Position Feedback with integral action (PPF+I) and the conventional linear high-order sliding mode controller (LHOSMC) is demonstrated through comparative tracking error analysis. Its wide-band stability as well as its significant robustness to parameter uncertainty is also showcased.

Heterologous Expression of Human Metallothionein Gene HsMT1L Can Enhance the Tolerance of Tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis Watson) to Zinc and Cadmium.

Metallothionein (MT) is a multifunctional inducible protein in animals, plants, and microorganisms. MT is rich in cysteine residues (10-30%), can combine with metal ions, has a low molecular weight, and plays an essential biological role in various stages of the growth and development of organisms. Due to its strong ability to bind metal ions and scavenge free radicals, metallothionein has been used in medicine, health care, and other areas. Zinc is essential for plant growth, but excessive zinc (Zn) is bound to poison plants, and cadmium (Cd) is a significant environmental pollutant. A high concentration of cadmium can significantly affect the growth and development of plants and even lead to plant death. In this study, the human metallothionein gene HsMT1L under the control of the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter was transformed into tobacco, and the tolerance and accumulation capacity of transgenic tobacco plants to Zn and Cd were explored. The results showed that the high-level expression of HsMT1L in tobacco could significantly enhance the accumulation of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in both the aboveground parts and the roots compared to wild-type tobacco plants and conferred a greater tolerance to Zn and Cd in transgenic tobacco. Subcellular localization showed that HsMT1L was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm in the tobacco. Our study suggests that HsMT1L can be used for the phytoremediation of soil for heavy metal removal.

SF-MVPA: A from raw data to statistical results and surface space-based MVPA toolbox.

Compared with traditional volume space-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), surface space-based MVPA has many advantages and has received increasing attention. However, surface space-based MVPA requires considerable programming and is therefore difficult for people without a programming foundation. To address this, we developed a MATLAB toolbox based on a graphical interactive interface (GUI) called surface space-based multivariate pattern analysis (SF-MVPA) in this manuscript. Unlike the traditional MVPA toolboxes, which often only include MVPA calculation processes after data preprocessing, SF-MVPA covers the complete pipeline of surface space-based MVPA, including raw data format conversion, surface reconstruction, functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data preprocessing, comparative analysis, surface space-based MVPA, leave one-run out cross validation, and family-wise error correction. With SF-MVPA, users can complete the complete pipeline of surface space-based MVPA without programming. In addition, SF-MVPA is designed for parallel computing and hence has high computational efficiency. After introducing SF-MVPA, we analyzed a sample dataset of tonal working memory load. By comparison with another surface space-based MVPA toolbox named CoSMoMVPA, we found that the two toolboxes obtained consistent results. We hope that through this toolbox, users can more easily implement surface space-based MVPA.