[Determination of 118 pesticide residues in urine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Pesticide residues in food and their hazardous effects have attracted much attention given the increased and widespread use of pesticides. The long-term consumption of food containing pesticide residues is an important pathway for the gradual accumulation of pesticides in the human body. Urine is often monitored as a biological sample for low-dose exposure to pesticides, and urine collection is a relatively convenient sampling technique in general population research. In order to effectively monitor residual levels of multiple pesticides in human urine and provide an important technological approach for health risk assessment, a rapid screening and confirmatory detection method for 118 pesticides in urine was established using QuEChERS method as a pretreatment combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The 118 pesticides analyzed included organophosphorus, carbamate, neonicotinoid, and strobilurin fungicides and other widely used pesticides. Following systematic optimization of the pretreatment process, LC separation conditions, and MS/MS parameters, 118 pesticides were extracted from urine samples and analyzed within 2 h. In brief, the target analytes in 5 mL urine samples were extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile and added with 5 g of anhydrous MgSO4 and 1 g of NaCl as water-removal and salting-out agents, respectively. After centrifugation, 6 mL of the supernatant was cleaned using the QuEChERS method with 300 mg of C18, 300 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) and 900 mg of anhydrous MgSO4 as the purification adsorbent. After nitrogen blowing and solubilization, the 118 target analytes were separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 analytical chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) with gradient elution using (A) 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate) and (B) 0.01% formic acid methanol solution (containing 2 mmol/L ammonium formate) as mobile phases. The gradient elution program was as follows: 0-0.5 min, 5%B; 0.5-1.5 min, 5%B-20%B; 1.5-2.5 min, 20%B-50%B; 2.5-8.0 min, 50%B-80%B; 8.0-9.0 min, 80%B-98%B; 9.0-11.0 min, 98%B; 11.0-11.5 min, 98%B-5%B; 11.5-15.0 min, 5%B. The analytes were then determined by UHPLC-MS/MS with positive/negative ion switching in dynamic multiple-reaction monitoring mode and quantified using the external standard method. The results indicated that the proposed method can determine 118 pesticides in urine simultaneously and rapidly. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.10 and 0.50 µg/L, respectively, and the matrix effects were less than 20%for all targeted compounds. The recoveries of the 118 pesticides in urine were between 70.2% and 104% at three spiked levels of 0.50, 1.00, and 5.00 µg/L, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 2.8% to 9.3%. The method was applied to 10 actual urine samples, and the results revealed the presence of six pesticides, including thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, isoproturon, and dimethomorph, with contents ranging from

Antibiotic exposure associated with nighttime sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in newlyweds.

Few studies have explored the relationship between antibiotic exposure and sleep in newlyweds. We applied the actor-partner interdependence moderation model to estimate the relationships of antibiotic exposure with nighttime sleep duration (weekday, weekend, and average sleep durations) and daytime sleepiness in newlyweds. We found that 99.0% of the 2698 enrolled individuals were exposed to at least one antibiotic. Among the newlyweds, exposure to florfenicol (ß, - 0.077; 95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.143, - 0.011), exposure to chloramphenicols (- 0.086 [- 0.160, - 0.011]), and exposure to veterinary antibiotics (VAs) (- 0.106 [- 0.201, - 0.010]) were negatively associated with weekday sleep duration. Florfenicol, chloramphenicols, and VAs were also inversely related to average sleep duration in the newlyweds. Ciprofloxacin and cyadox exposure was significantly associated with an increase of 0.264 (0.030, 0.497) and (0.375 [0.088, 0.663]) Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores in the newlyweds, respectively. Gender moderated the actor-partner effects of erythromycin and tetracyclines on the newlyweds' weekday sleep duration and ESS scores. Overall, exposure to florfenicol, chloramphenicols, and VAs shortened weekday and average sleep durations of newlyweds. Exposure to ciprofloxacin and cyadox promoted daytime sleepiness. Gender moderated the actor-partner effects of specific antibiotics on the weekday sleep duration and ESS scores of the newlyweds.

Associations between antibiotic exposure and abnormal cardiac enzyme profiles in older Chinese adults.

Biomonitoring methods can be used to measure exposure to antibiotics in the general population; however, epidemiological data on the associations between urinary antibiotic levels and the cardiac profiles of enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase isoenzyme in older adults remain sparse. We investigated these associations in 990 individuals from the Cohort of Elderly Health and Environment Controllable Factors. Antibiotic residues in urine samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary levels of 34 antibiotics were measured. The participants' cardiac enzyme profiles were influenced by sex, age, marital status, education level, cohabitation status, physical activity, dietary structure, body mass index, depression presence and salt, sugar, and oil consumption (P < 0.05). Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, sulfaclozine, and, florfenicol concentrations were negatively associated with the risk of having an abnormal cardiac enzyme profile. Older adults exposed to higher concentrations of norfloxacin had a higher risk of LDH anomalies. After antibiotics were classified, we identified associations between exposure to chloramphenicols, sulfonamides, or veterinary antibiotics and a lower risk of having an abnormal cardiac enzyme profile. Obtaining an accurate epidemiological profile of antibiotic exposure is indispensable for the prevention and detection of cardiac enzyme profile abnormalities in older adults.