Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult Mediterranean population.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. RESULTS: The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.

CD34+ circulating progenitor cells after different training programs.

Circulating progenitor cells (CPC) are bone marrow-derived cells that are mobilized into the circulation. While exercise is a powerful mediator of hematopoiesis, CPC levels increase, and reports of their activation after different types of exercise are contradictory. Moreover, few studies have compared the possible effects of different training programs on CPC concentrations. 43 physically active healthy male subjects (age 22±2.4 years) were assigned to 4 different training groups: aerobic, resistance, mixed and control. Except for the control group, all participants trained for 6 weeks. Peripheral blood samples were collected through an antecubital vein, and CPC CD34(+) was analyzed on different days: pre-training, post-training, and 3 weeks after finishing the training period. While no significant differences in CPC were observed either within or between the different training groups, there was a tendency towards higher values post-training and large intra- and intergroup dispersion. We detected an inverse linear relationship between pre-training values and % of CPC changes post-training (p<0.001). In the CPC values 3 weeks after training this inverse relationship was maintained, though to a lower extent (p<0.001). No changes in CPC CD34(+) were detected after 6 weeks of different training groups, or after 3 weeks of follow-up.

[Pre-eclampsia--the delivery and outcome for newborn infants]. / Preeklampsiia--razhdane i izkhod za novorodenite.

In the present research 50 patients have been examined having average and heavy form of preeclampsia who have entered and have been treated at the university hospital. The percentage of the Caesarean sections for the heavy forms is 72% while for the average forms it is 63%. The impression is that the heavier the preeclampsia is the more often operative delivery is practiced. On the other hand the heavier the preeclampsia is the quicker the delivery completes: approximately 50% of the heavy forms end with operative delivery up to the 32 gestational weeks while for the average forms the percentage is 6.6%. The birth information is compared to the values of Apgar score on the 1st and 5th minutes for the newborn and their outcome in the neonatal period. The general conclusion which is done concerns the optimal gestational time limit for birth in these cases in order to successful outcome for the newborn.

[The early breast feeding of newborn infants]. / Ranno zakurmiane pri novorodenite.

Breast feeding was started at the age of 2 hours after birth, immediately after mother and baby were transported to the clinic for healthy term newborns. Our aim was to investigate the influence of the early start of breast feeding on the development of the newborns and on their mothers, as well as to compare the results with those, obtained when breast feeding had begun on the 6-th hour after birth. The results from our work show that the earlier the beginning of breast feeding, the earlier and the more effective the consolidation of the process. The physiological loss of weight with these babies shows a smaller percentage. The level of blood sugar varies in the normal limits. So far as mothers are concerned, the early beginning of breast feeding has a good impact on their after-birth period and helps the earlier initiation of the secretion of breast milk.

[The diagnosis and treatment of lung barotrauma in newborn infants at risk]. / Diagnostika i lechenie na belodrobnite barotravmi pri riskovi novorodeni detsa.

Lung barotrauma (LBT) are some of the most frequent complications in the course of mechanical ventilation (MV) in risk newborn infants. The interstitial emphysema among them is the most frequent cause for development of chronic hung diseases, but the pneumothorax induces shock state, connected with high mortality. A retrospective analysis of the histories of the disease was carried out on 18 risk newborn infants with clinical and roentgenological data for pneumothorax. Blood gases and acid-base balance were examined before the incident as well as at definite intervals after drainage of extra-alveolar air. There were considerable deviations. The results indicate considerably better prognosis of the disease, when the drainage is put immediately after establishment of the clinical diagnosis. Mortality is high, when the drainage of pneumothorax is put after the first hour.

[New constellation of erythrocyte indices characterizing iron metabolism]. / Nova konstelatsiia ot eritrotsini pokazateli, kharakterizirashti obmianata na zheliazoto.

Via the determination of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit and erythrocyte iron, a constellation is proposed for the assessment of iron metabolism in organism. The percentages of saturation of hemoglobin by iron, the absolute iron content of erythrocytes the erythrocyte iron per litre blood, erythrocyte iron in litre erythrocytes were calculated on the base af the data of the above mentioned indices. The index for the evaluation of erythropoiesis activity was calculated on the base of the determination of hematocrit, erythrocytes and erythrocyte iron, and via the determination of hemoglobin and erythrocyte iron - the iron reserves in organism were calculated. The constellation, making use of minimum quantity peripheral blood enables the characteristic of iron metabolism as far as 70 per cent of the iron in organism is conjugated with hemoglobin, erythrocytes, respectively.