ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is mainly due to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of peripheral arterial disease in proven coronary artery disease and to determine the associated factors in our context. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included in a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study 224 patients with proven coronary artery disease confirmed on coronary angiography from March 1 to October 30, 2019. It took place in the external exploration department of the Abidjan Heart Institute. An ultrasonographic exploration of the supra-aortic trunks and arteries of the lower extremity with measurement of the ankle brachial index (ABI) was carried out. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.4±10.9 years (27-81years). There was a clear male predominance with a sex-ratio of 5. The prevalence of carotid artery disease was 56.4% of patients. The main factors associated with elevated Intima Media Thickness (IMT) and the presence of carotid plaques were male sex (OR=8.8; P=0.038), smoking (OR=2.5; P=0.049) and multi-truncular involvement (OR=3.2; P=0.014). In the lower extremities, there was a prevalence of peripheral arterial disease of 48.5%. The main factors associated with the decrease of ABI were age ≥50 years (OR=2.6; P=0.043), diabetes (OR=2.8; P=0.02), dyslipidemia (OR=3.8; P=0.001) and pluri-truncular involvement (OR=4.5; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The presence of significant coronary artery disease in our context is associated with a high prevalence of peripheral carotid artery and lower extremity artery disease. This is all the more so as we are male, over 50 years old, pluri-truncular with many cardiovascular risk factors.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ankle Brachial Index , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Stenosis/epidemiology , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Lower Extremity/blood supply , Male , Middle Aged , Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Rheumatic mitral stenosis is still common in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic contraindications to the realization of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) in Abidjan Heart Institute. We conducted a prospective, transversal and analytical study in the Exploration Unit from March 30, 2017 to March 30, 2018. Mitral stenosis was severe with an average anatomical surface area of 0.87cm2, an average gradient of 13.7 mmHg and an upstream repercussion (dilatation of the left atrium (78 ml/m2); moderate dilatation of the right atrium (22.3 cm2) and average pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of 55 mmHg). The main clinical contraindications were a history of rest dyspnoea at 66.7%, permanent atrial fibrillation at 53.3 % and clinical manifestations of severe PAH in 40 %. Unfavourable anatomy (95.7 %) evaluated by scores of Wilkins, Cormier and especially Echoscore revisited; bicommissural fusion (95.7 %) and severe aortic valvulopathy (31.1%) were the main barriers in transthoracic echocardiography. In multivariate analysis after linear regression, valvular anatomy, as assessed by the various scores, was significantly related to low socioeconomic status (p=0.018), level of education (p=0.04), severity of mitral stenosis evaluated by the mean gradient (p=0.033) and the impact on the left atrium (p=0.015). Mitral stenosis presents several clinical and echocardiographic contraindications. Adverse anatomy is the main obstacle and is related to low socio-economic status, educational level and severity of stenosis.
La sténose rhumatismale mitrale est courante en Afrique subsaharienne. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les contre-indications cliniques et échocardiographiques de la commissurotomie mitrale percutanée (CMP) à l'Institut de cardiologie d'Abidjan. Nous avons mené une étude prospective, transversale et analytique dans l'unité d'exploration du 30 mars 2017 au 30 mars 2018. La sténose mitrale était sévère, avec une surface anatomique moyenne de 0,87 cm2, un gradient moyen de 13,7 mmHg et une répercussion en amont (dilatation) de l'oreillette gauche (78 ml/m2) ; dilatation modérée de l'oreillette droite (22,3 cm2) et hypertension artérielle pulmonaire moyenne (HAP) de 55 mmHg). Les principales contre-indications cliniques étaient des antécédents de dyspnée de repos à 66,7 %, de fibrillation auriculaire permanente à 53,3 % et de manifestations cliniques de HAP sévère à 40 %. L'anatomie défavorable évaluée par les scores de Wilkins, Cormier et surtout l'échoscore revisité ; la fusion bicommissurale (95,7 %) et la valvulopathie aortique sévère (31,1 %) étaient les principaux obstacles à l'échocardiographie transthoracique. Dans l'analyse multivariée après régression linéaire, l'anatomie valvulaire, évaluée par les différents scores, était significativement liée au faible statut socio-économique (p = 0,018), au niveau d'éducation (p = 0,04), à la gravité de la sténose mitrale évaluée par le gradient moyen (p = 0,033) et l'impact sur l'oreillette gauche (p = 0,015). La sténose mitrale présente plusieurs contre-indications cliniques et échocardiographiques. L'anatomie défavorable est le principal obstacle et est liée au faible statut socio-économique, au niveau d'éducation et à la gravité de la sténose.
