Effects of the breath stacking technique after upper abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the association of the breath stacking (BS) technique associated with routine physiotherapy on pulmonary function, lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, vital signs, peripheral oxygenation, thoracoabdominal mobility, and pain in the surgical incision in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery during the postoperative period, as well as to analyze BS safety. METHODS: This was a randomized clinical trial involving 34 patients divided into a control group (CG; n = 16), who underwent conventional physiotherapy only, and the BS group (BSG; n = 18), who underwent conventional physiotherapy and BS. Both groups performed two daily sessions from postoperative day 2 until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were FVC and Vt. The safety of BS was assessed by the incidence of gastrointestinal, hemodynamic, and respiratory repercussions. RESULTS: Although FVC significantly increased at hospital discharge in both groups, the effect was greater on the BSG. Significant increases in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% occurred only in the BSG. There were also significant increases in Ve and Vt in the BSG, but not when compared with the CG values at discharge. MIP and MEP significantly increased in both groups, with a greater effect on the BSG. There was a significant decrease in RR, as well as a significant increase in SpO2 only in the BSG. SpO2 acutely increased after BS; however, no changes were observed in the degree of dyspnea, vital signs, or signs of respiratory distress, and no gastrointestinal and hemodynamic repercussions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: BS has proven to be safe and effective for recovering pulmonary function; improving lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, and peripheral oxygenation; and reducing respiratory work during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

Effects of the breath stacking technique after upper abdominal surgery: a randomized clinical trial / Efeitos da técnica de breath stacking após cirurgia abdominal alta: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of the association of the breath stacking (BS) technique associated with routine physiotherapy on pulmonary function, lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, vital signs, peripheral oxygenation, thoracoabdominal mobility, and pain in the surgical incision in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery during the postoperative period, as well as to analyze BS safety. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial involving 34 patients divided into a control group (CG; n = 16), who underwent conventional physiotherapy only, and the BS group (BSG; n = 18), who underwent conventional physiotherapy and BS. Both groups performed two daily sessions from postoperative day 2 until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were FVC and Vt. The safety of BS was assessed by the incidence of gastrointestinal, hemodynamic, and respiratory repercussions. Results: Although FVC significantly increased at hospital discharge in both groups, the effect was greater on the BSG. Significant increases in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% occurred only in the BSG. There were also significant increases in Ve and Vt in the BSG, but not when compared with the CG values at discharge. MIP and MEP significantly increased in both groups, with a greater effect on the BSG. There was a significant decrease in RR, as well as a significant increase in SpO2 only in the BSG. SpO2 acutely increased after BS; however, no changes were observed in the degree of dyspnea, vital signs, or signs of respiratory distress, and no gastrointestinal and hemodynamic repercussions were observed. Conclusions: BS has proven to be safe and effective for recovering pulmonary function; improving lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, and peripheral oxygenation; and reducing respiratory work during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da técnica de breath stacking (BS) associada à fisioterapia de rotina na função pulmonar, volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas, sinais vitais, oxigenação periférica, mobilidade toracoabdominal e dor na incisão cirúrgica em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta, bem como analisar a segurança do BS. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com 34 pacientes divididos em grupo controle (n = 16), que realizou apenas a fisioterapia convencional, e grupo BS (n = 18), que realizou a fisioterapia convencional e BS. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessões diárias desde o 2º dia do pós-operatório até a alta hospitalar. Os desfechos primários foram CVF e Vt. A segurança do BS foi avaliada pela incidência de repercussões gastrointestinais, hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. Resultados: Embora a CVF tenha aumentado significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em ambos os grupos, o efeito foi maior no grupo BS. Aumentos significativos do VEF1, VEF1/CVF, PFE e FEF25-75% ocorreram apenas no grupo BS. Também houve aumentos significativos do Ve e do Vt no grupo BS, mas não em comparação com os valores do grupo controle no momento da alta. A PImáx e a PEmáx aumentaram significativamente em ambos os grupos, com efeito maior no grupo BS. Houve uma diminuição significativa da FR e um aumento significativo da SpO2 apenas no grupo BS. A SpO2 aumentou agudamente após o BS; entretanto, não foram observadas alterações no grau de dispneia, sinais vitais e sinais de desconforto respiratório, e não foram observadas repercussões gastrointestinais e hemodinâmicas. Conclusões: O BS mostrou-se seguro e eficaz na recuperação da função pulmonar; melhoria dos volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas e oxigenação periférica; e redução do trabalho respiratório no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta.

Investigação da postura corporal de escolares em estudos brasileiros / La investigación sobre la postura corporal de estudiantes en estudios brasileños / Student body posture in Brazilian studies

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar o perfil das publicações brasileiras que investigaram a postura corporal de escolares, na idade de 6 a 18 anos. Os artigos analisados foram encontrados nas bases de dados eletrônicas SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e em periódicos nacionais de fisioterapia, por meio das seguintes palavras, suas combinações e correspondências na língua inglesa: postura, avaliação postural, escolar e criança. O período de busca foi de julho de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. Foram incluídos os estudos nacionais que avaliaram, no ambiente escolar, a postura de no mínimo dois segmentos corporais em crianças e adolescentes. Selecionaram-se 28 estudos dos 68 encontrados. A idade dos 10 anos foi a mais investigada (24). O total de escolares avaliados foi de 5.334. Houve predominância de avaliações objetivas (50,0%), das quais 12 foram realizadas com registros fotográficos. Para a análise das assimetrias, 8 utilizaram software. No Sudeste, houve 16 investigações. As principais alterações verificadas foram: hiperlordose lombar, hipercifose torácica, joelho valgo e protrusão e/ou desnível de ombros. Prevaleceram a hiperlordose e o joelho valgo, com escolares entre 7 e 8 anos. Concluiu-se que as publicações sobre investigações da postura dos escolares são recentes. A variabilidade de métodos utilizados e também a diversidade das faixas etárias estudadas limitou a caracterização das alterações.

RESUMENEn este artículo se buscó identificar y categorizar el perfil de las publicaciones brasileñas que investigaron la postura corporal de estudiantes entre los 6 hasta los 18 años de edad. Se hizo una búsqueda de los artículos en las bases de datos electrónicas SciELO, LILACS, PubMed y en revistas nacionales de fisioterapia, utilizándose las palabras con sus combinaciones y correspondencias en lengua inglesa, "postura", "evaluación postural", "escuela" y "niño", en el período de julio del 2012 hasta diciembre del 2013. Para eso tuvo en cuenta los siguientes criterios: estudios nacionales desarrollados en las escuelas, que evaluaron, al menos, dos segmentos corporales con estudiantes de 6 hasta los 18 años de edad. De los 68 estudios encontrados, se eligieron 28. La franja de edad más investigada fue de 10 años encontrándose 24 publicaciones. El total de estudiantes evaluados fue de 5.334. Se predominaron las evaluaciones objetivas con un 50%, siendo registradas a través de fotos 12 evaluaciones. Para el análisis de las asimetrías se utilizaron en ocho el software. Entre las regiones estudiadas, el Sureste alcanzó 16 investigaciones. Se obtuvieron las principales alteraciones: la hiperlordosis lumbar, la hipercifosis torácica, la rodilla en valgo y la protrusión y/o hombros desnivelados, prevaleciendo la hiperlordosis y la rodilla en valgo en los estudiantes de los 7 y 8 años de edad. Se concluyó que son recientes las publicaciones sobre las investigaciones de sus posturas. Sin embargo, la variedad de los métodos utilizados y la diversidad de las franjas etarias limitaron la caracterización de las alteraciones.

To identify and characterize the profile of Brazilian reports that have examined body posture of students, between 6 and 18 years old, the methods used and the results found. The research has been made on the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and in the physiotherapy national journal, through the words in portuguese and english: posture, posture assessment, student and child. The research was taken from july 2012 to december 2013, taking into account the following inclusion criteria: national studies, with students between 6 and 18 years old, developed in schools that evaluated at least two body segments. Have been selected 28 students, from 68 found. The age range of 10 years old has been the most examined (24). The amount of students assessed was 5.334. There has been objective evaluation predominance (50.0%), in which photographic records have been used in 12 evaluations. Software was used in 8 evaluations in order to analyze the asymmetries. The Southeast stood out with 16 publications. The main body changes that appeared: lumbar hyperlordosis, thoracic hyperkyphosis, valgus knee and protrusion and/or uneven shoulders. From the ages of 7 and 8, the hyperlordosis and the valgus knee prevailed. Was concluided than the variability of methods used on the researches, as well as the age range diversity, has limited the characterization of these studies related to the prevalence of alterations in this group.