[Abnormal development of the hard palate revealed during the forensic examination of bone remains]. / Anomal'noe razvitie tverdogo neba, vyyavlennoe pri sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertize kostnykh ostankov.

In the forensic practice of examining bone remains there are cases of anomalies' detection of the skeleton development which have a high identification value for the search for a missing person. The most valuable ones are the features of the facial skull anatomical structure since they are usually well visible and recorded in photographic and medical documents. In the presented case an anomaly in the hard palate development was revealed on the skull of an unknown person found in the Leningrad region - a cleft caused by its underdevelopment.

[VARIANT ANATOMY OF SPLENIC LIGAMENTS AND ARTERIES PASSING THROUGH THEM].

The research was performed on 15 non embalmed bodies and 32 abdominal complexes of adult individuals. The comparative study of variant anatomy of splenic ligaments and architectonics of arteries passing through them was carried out to substantiate the mobilization of splenopancreatic complex. Anatomical and angiographic restudied were carried out using preparation, morphometry, injection of gastric, pancreatic and splenic vascular bed with red lead suspension. It was established that the form and sizes of splenic ligaments and their interrelation with the branches of the splenic artery were variable. The minimal and maximal sizes of gastrolienal, phrenicosplenic and splenocolic ligaments differed 2-3 times. In most cases, spleen was fixed in abdominal cavity by many short ligaments. It was shown that architectonics and topography of main branches of spleen artery were determined by morphometric characteristics of the spleen proper and its ligaments. The knowledge of splenic ligament variant anatomy allows a new perspective to approach to substantiate different methods of the mobilization of spleno-pancreatic complex during surgical operations on organs of the upper part of the peritoneal cavity and organ-preserving surgery of the spleen.

[Architectonics of gastric arterial bed in norm, after Nissen fundoplication, and its different combination with splenectomy and left gastric artery ligation].

A comparative study of the effect of the combination of Nissen fundoplication, different variants of splenectomy ligation of left gastric artery on stomach wall arterial bed blood fillability was carried out on 40 human corpses in 6 research series. The red lead paint suspension was used for the injection of arterial bed. It was shown that combination of Nissen operation andligation of stomach short arteries during splenectomy and left gastric artery trunk in its intraligamental part resulted in the impairment of the stomach wall blood supply. In the gastric fundus area avascular zones measuring from 2.5 x 3.0 to 5.0 x 10.0 cm and larger, were detected. The stomach wall of the given areas is potentially prone to necrosis. Avascular zones in the stomach wall were not observed when short gastric arteries were preserved.

[Intramural nervous apparatus of jejunum and rectum in experimental portal hypertension]. / Intramural'nyi nervnyi apparat toshchei i priamoi kishok pri éksperimental'noi portal'noi gipertenzii.

Using histological and electron microscopical methods, the state of intramural nervous structures of jejunum and rectum was studied in 92 dogs with experimental portal hypertension. Three phases of changes of portal pressure were detected and its influence upon the intramural nervous apparatus was observed. In phase 1 (first 4-5 days after the surgery) the reactive changes of the nervous apparatus were shown that were more pronounced in jejunum. In phase 2 (day 5 to 2.5 months) the portal pressure was shown to drop; this was accompanied by some signs of regeneration in jejunum and by an aggravation of destructive processes in rectum. In phase 3 of the repeated rise of portal pressure (2.5 to 6.5 months after the surgery), destructive changes in the nervous apparatus were demonstrated that were similar to those found in phase 1. However, the differences in the reaction of nervous structures in different layers of intestinal tube and the heterogeneity of the changes of the nervous apparatus in jejunum and rectum were absent. The association of time of appearance and of severity of structural changes with the elevation of portal pressure suggests the significant role of vascular factor in the morphogenesis of alterations observed in phase 3 of hemodynamic changes.

[Activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes in endotheliocytes of the intestinal hemomicrocirculatory bed under normal conditions and in portal hypertension]. / Aktivnost okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov v éndoteliotsitakh sosudov gemomikrotsirkuliatornogo rusla kishechnika v norme i pri portal'noi gipertenzii.

An original quantitative examination of oxidation-reduction enzymes activity in endotheliocytes of hemomicroclrculatory vessels of jejunum and rectum submucosal base in normal state and in portal hypertension was performed by the authors. Comparative analysis of the activity of the enzymes studied revealed different metabolic processes intensity in these organs, dependent on current hemodynamic conditions. Cytochemical changes in hemomicrocirculatory bed are consistent with structural reorganizations that arise in the wall of vessels studied, consist of several phases and may be used as an assessment criterion for defining the portal hypertension stage.

[The normal ultrastructure of the erythrocytes and in experimental portal hypertension]. / Ul'trastruktura éritrotsitov v norme i pri éksperimental'noi portal'noi gipertenzii.

Erythrocyte types were studied in portal and femoral veins blood in intact dog and in the experimental portal hypertension under scanning electron microscope. Three basic types (discoid, polygonal and spherocyte) were distinguished. Analysis of the material obtained confirmed the suggestion on the existence of stable erythrocyte types both in normal conditions and pathology. Content of these types in blood of vessels named is different. Inferior caval vein system is inaccessible for erythrocytes with significantly altered shape because they are unable to penetrate liver sinusoids. In portal hypertension essential increase of these erythrocytes number occurs and they are encountered in femoral vein blood. These forms obviously pass into the general blood flow through multiple collaterals. One of the criteria for portal hypertension diagnostics is suggested so as the method of evaluating portal vein shunts in conditions of the formed collateral blood stream.