Subject(s)
Manganese/pharmacology , Phialophora/growth & development , Polymorphism, Genetic/drug effects , Amino Acids/analysis , Cell Wall/analysis , Chromatography, Paper , Culture Media , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Manganese/metabolism , Melanins/analysis , Nitrogen/metabolism , Phialophora/analysis , Phialophora/drug effects , Phialophora/metabolism , Radioisotopes , Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Spores, Fungal/growth & development , TemperatureSubject(s)
Melanins/analysis , Phialophora/analysis , Amino Acids/analysis , Carbohydrates/analysis , Catechol Oxidase/metabolism , Cell Wall/analysis , Cell-Free System , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Fungal Proteins/analysis , Glucosamine/analysis , Indicators and Reagents , Melanins/biosynthesis , Phialophora/enzymology , Phialophora/metabolism , SolubilityABSTRACT
Early log phase yeast cells of Candida albicans transformed into suspensor cells and chlamydospores when streaked on washed agar without added nutrients. The transformation was apparently a result of endogenous metabolism since starved yeast cells did not form chlamydospores. Addition of glucose (5 mg/ml) to washed agar completely suppressed chlamydospore formation. Size of inoculum and age of inoculum markedly affected chlamydospore yield. Electron microscopy of thin sections revealed the chlamydospore wall to be double layered, the outer thin layer being continuous with the wall of the suspensor cell. A technique was devised to study germination of chlamydospores. Chlamydospores germinated by budding, and the fluorescent antibody technique was used to study the budding process.
Subject(s)
Candida/growth & development , Spores/growth & development , Amino Acids/pharmacology , Animals , Candida/cytology , Candida/drug effects , Candida/metabolism , Cell Wall , Culture Media , Dinitrophenols/pharmacology , Fluoresceins , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Freeze Drying , Glucose/pharmacology , Immune Sera , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Rabbits , Spores/cytology , Spores/drug effects , Spores/metabolism , Staining and LabelingABSTRACT
A variety of analytical techniques was employed to study the composition of the chlamydospore of Candida albicans. The outer, thin, electron-transparent layer was found to be composed of glucan, together with a small amount of chitin. The inner, thick, electron-dense layer is proteinaceous. The central structure is composed largely of ribonucleic acid and lipid globules. In addition to being acid-fast, the chlamydospore was found to contain glycolipids and to lose the property of acid-fastness on extraction with ethanol-ether.
Subject(s)
Candida/analysis , Spores/analysis , Amino Acids/analysis , Candida/cytology , Carbohydrates/analysis , Cell Wall/analysis , Cellulose/analysis , Chitin/analysis , Chromatography, Paper , Endopeptidases/metabolism , Fluorescent Dyes , Glycolipids/analysis , Glycols , Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism , Lipids/analysis , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Phosphates/analysis , Polysaccharides/analysis , Proteins/analysis , RNA/analysis , Spectrophotometry , Spores/cytology , Staining and Labeling , StreptomycesABSTRACT
The form of growth of Mucor rouxii (National Regional Research Laboratory 1894) under nitrogen is dependent on inoculum size. With a large inoculum (10(6) spores inoculated per ml), the morphology consists mainly of swollen spores with some filaments and yeastlike cells. At lower inoculum levels growth is filamentous. The morphology of this strain on incubation under nitrogen and the dependence of the form of growth on inoculum size are similar to those found previously for other strains of M. rouxii.
Subject(s)
Mucor/growth & development , Nitrogen/pharmacology , Mucor/cytology , Spores/analysisABSTRACT
Unlike five other strains of Mucor rouxii previously studied, certain nutritional factors must be present for rapid growth and completely yeastlike development of M. rouxii (National Regional Research Laboratory 1894) under CO(2); high CO(2) tensions markedly inhibit growth of this strain. Addition of yeast extract, peptone, or enzymatically hydrolyzed casein in substrate amounts to a basal medium (containing acid-hydrolyzed casein) completely relieved CO(2) inhibition of growth and permitted yeastlike development. The "CO(2) growth factor" activity of these supplements proved to be dialyzable and acid labile. These findings, together with the results of gel filtration and amino acid analysis, suggested that CO(2) growth factor activity can be attributed to small peptides.
